Minimalist IAS
Sign up
English हिंदी
International relations & current affairs

Prelims · International relations & current affairs · 73 questions

International organisations & groupings

Every UPSC Prelims question on this topic, 2016–2026, newest first. Tap an option to check yourself; the answer and explanation open below it.

International organisations & groupings questions per year: 2016: 10, 2017: 4, 2018: 3, 2019: 2, 2020: 2, 2021: 1, 2022: 6, 2023: 5, 2024: 3, 2025: 5, 2026: 6 Asked in 11 of 11 years · most in 2016 (10)

Practising International relations & current affairs? Take it as timed sets of 25 →

UPSC syllabus: “Current events of national and international importance.” Sub-topics in the detailed syllabus →

Showing 1–30 of 73, newest first.

Prelims 2026 · Q38

X-Ray · Core #5 Easy Provisional key

फ्रांस में जून, 2025 में आयोजित संयुक्त राष्ट्र महासागर सम्मेलन (UNOC) में संयुक्त राष्ट्र के खाद्य और कृषि संगठन (FAO) ने समुद्री और महासागरीय मुद्दों, विशेष रूप से समुत्थानशील आजीविका और ‘‘ब्लू ट्रांसफॉर्मेशन’’ हेतु संधारणीय मत्स्यपालन और जलकृषि पर सशक्त विचार व्यक्त किए।

खाद्य और कृषि संगठन (FAO) द्वारा ‘‘ब्लू ट्रांसफॉर्मेशन’’ के लिए प्रस्तावित ‘‘बेहतर चार (Four Betters)’’ के बारे में निम्नलिखित संयोजनों में से कौन-सा सही है ?

Read this question in English

At the United Nations Ocean Conference (UNOC) held in June, 2025 in France, the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations demonstrated its leading voice on marine and ocean issues, especially on sustainable fisheries and aquaculture for resilient livelihood and “Blue Transformation”.

Which of the following combinations about the “Four Betters” proposed by FAO for “Blue Transformation” is correct?

(a) Better production, better nutrition, better environment and better ocean · (b) Better production, better nutrition, better environment and better life · (c) Better coral reefs, better nutrition, better environment and better life · (d) Better estuaries, better nutrition, better environment and better mangrove vegetation

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (b) बेहतर उत्पादन, बेहतर पोषण, बेहतर पर्यावरण और बेहतर जीवन

FAO's Blue Transformation Roadmap is built around the 'four betters': better production, better nutrition, a better environment and a better life. Option (b) is the only one that lists all four correctly.

  • ✗ (a) 'Better ocean' is not one of the four betters; the fourth is a better life.
  • ✓ (b) Better production, better nutrition, a better environment and a better life are the four betters that FAO links to the Blue Transformation Roadmap.
  • ✗ (c) 'Better coral reefs' replaces better production, which is the first of the four betters.
  • ✗ (d) Better estuaries and better mangrove vegetation are not among the four betters, which are about production, nutrition, environment and life.

Remember · FAO's Blue Transformation Roadmap: the four betters are better production, better nutrition, a better environment and a better life.

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's provisional GS Paper I (2026, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2026 · Q69

X-Ray · Core #5 Hard Provisional key

बहुपक्षीय सहयोग मंचों के बारे में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :

  1. 1.‘कोलंबो प्रक्रिया’ (‘Colombo Process’) एक क्षेत्रीय परामर्शदात्री प्रक्रिया है, जिसमें सदस्य देश सर्वसम्मति से बाध्यकारी निर्णय लेते हैं।
  2. 2.‘अबू धाबी संवाद (डायलॉग)’ संविदा श्रमिकों के आवागमन पर क्षेत्रीय सहयोग को सुकर बनाने के लिए श्रमिकों के मूल-स्थान और गंतव्य-स्थान से जुड़े एशियाई देशों के मध्य एक स्वैच्छिक ग़ैर-बाध्यकारी परामर्शदात्री प्रक्रिया है।
  3. 3.एक पूर्व संयुक्त राष्ट्र महासचिव के प्रस्ताव के अनुसार सृजित ‘प्रवासन और विकास के लिए वैश्विक मंच’ (Global Forum for Migration and Development), एक स्वैच्छिक मंच है, जिसके निर्णय बाध्यकारी स्वरूप के नहीं हैं।

उपर्युक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/कौन-से सही है/हैं ?

Read this question in English

Consider the following statements about platforms for multilateral co-operation:

1. The ‘Colombo Process’ is a regional consultative process in which member states take binding decisions by consensus.

2. The ‘Abu Dhabi Dialogue’ is a voluntary non-binding consultative process among Asian countries of labour origin and destination to facilitate regional cooperation on contractual labour mobility.

3. The ‘Global Forum for Migration and Development’, created upon the proposal of a former UN Secretary General, is a voluntary forum whose decisions are non-binding in nature.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1, 2 and 3 · (b) 1 and 3 only · (c) 2 and 3 only · (d) 2 only

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (c) केवल 2 और 3

The Colombo Process is a regional consultative process that gives a non-binding, informal setting, so it takes no binding decisions. The Abu Dhabi Dialogue is a voluntary, non-binding consultative process between Asian labour-origin and destination countries. The Global Forum on Migration and Development grew out of Kofi Annan's 2006 proposal for a government-led forum that would produce no negotiated outcomes.

  • ✗ 1. The Colombo Process describes itself as offering a non-binding and informal environment for dialogue on labour migration, so its members do not take binding decisions.
  • ✓ 2. The Abu Dhabi Dialogue, set up in 2008, is described as a voluntary and non-binding inter-government consultative process between Asian countries of labour origin and destination.
  • ✓ 3. Then UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan proposed the forum in June 2006 as a government-led consultative body that would not produce negotiated outcomes or recommendations, so its results are non-binding.

Remember · Colombo Process: non-binding regional consultative process (Asian labour-sending states). Abu Dhabi Dialogue: voluntary, non-binding, links Asian labour-origin and destination countries. GFMD: Kofi Annan's 2006 idea, state-led, non-binding.

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's provisional GS Paper I (2026, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 1 Oct 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2026 · Q70

X-Ray · Core #5 Medium Provisional key

निम्नलिखित संयुक्त राष्ट्र संगठनों/एजेंसियों पर विचार कीजिए :

  1. 1.विश्व खाद्य कार्यक्रम (वर्ल्ड फ़ूड प्रोग्राम)
  2. 2.संयुक्त राष्ट्र बाल कोष (यूनाइटेड नेशन्स चिल्ड्रन्स फंड)
  3. 3.शरणार्थियों के लिए संयुक्त राष्ट्र उच्चायुक्त (यूनाइटेड नेशन्स हाई कमीशनर फॉर रिफ्यूजीज़)
  4. 4.अंतर्राष्ट्रीय श्रम संगठन (इंटरनेशनल लेबर ऑर्गेनाइज़ेशन)

उपर्युक्त में से कितनों को दो बार नोबेल पुरस्कार प्रदान किया गया है ?

Read this question in English

Consider the following UN organisations/ agencies:

1. World Food Programme

2. United Nations Children’s Fund

3. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

4. International Labour Organisation

How many of the above has/have been awarded the Nobel Prize twice?

(a) 1 · (b) 2 · (c) 3 · (d) 4

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (a) 1

Only the UN refugee agency, UNHCR, has won the Nobel Peace Prize twice, in 1954 and 1981. The other three UN bodies each won it once: the ILO in 1969, UNICEF in 1965 and the World Food Programme in 2020.

  • ✗ 1. The World Food Programme received the Nobel Peace Prize once, in 2020, for its work against hunger and for peace in conflict-affected areas.
  • ✗ 2. UNICEF won the Peace Prize once, in 1965.
  • ✓ 3. UNHCR was honoured in 1954 and again in 1981. Apart from the Red Cross (three times), no other organisation has won the Peace Prize more than once.
  • ✗ 4. The International Labour Organization won the Peace Prize once, in 1969, for creating international legislation on working conditions.

Remember · UNHCR: Nobel Peace Prize twice (1954, 1981). ILO 1969, UNICEF 1965, WFP 2020 each won once. The International Committee of the Red Cross has won three times.

Sources

  • NobelPrize.org, Nobel Prize awarded organisations ↗ “UNHCR, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, has received the Nobel Peace Prize twice, in 1954 and 1981, and the work of Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross) (ICRC) has been honoured three times”

Question and answer: UPSC's provisional GS Paper I (2026, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2026 · Q71

X-Ray · Core #5 Medium Provisional key

सूची I को सूची II से सुमेलित कीजिए और सूचियों के नीचे दिए गए कूट का प्रयोग कर उत्तर चुनिए :

सूची I (संयुक्त राष्ट्र शांति-स्थापना अभियान)सूची II (अभियान की अवधि)
A.यू एन एम आई एल (UNMIL)1. 2007 – 2010
B.एम आई एन यू आर सी ए टी (MINURCAT)2. 2002 – 2005
C.एम आई एन यू एस टी ए एच (MINUSTAH)3. 2003 – 2018
D.यू एन एम आई एस ई टी (UNMISET)4. 2004 – 2017
Read this question in English

Match List I with List II and select the answer using the code given below the Lists:

A. UNMIL — 1. 2007 – 2010

B. MINURCAT — 2. 2002 – 2005

C. MINUSTAH — 3. 2003 – 2018

D. UNMISET — 4. 2004 – 2017

(a) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 · (b) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 · (c) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 · (d) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (b) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2

UNMIL in Liberia ran from 2003 to 2018 and MINUSTAH in Haiti from 2004 to 2017. MINURCAT in the Central African Republic and Chad ran from 2007 to 2010, and UNMISET in East Timor from 2002 to 2005. That gives A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2.

  • ✓ A UNMIL (Liberia) was set up in 2003 and completed its mandate on 30 March 2018, so it pairs with 2003–2018 (3).
  • ✓ B MINURCAT (Central African Republic and Chad) began under Security Council Resolution 1778 of 2007 and its mandate ended on 31 December 2010, so it pairs with 2007–2010 (1).
  • ✓ C MINUSTAH (Haiti) was established on 1 June 2004 and completed its mission on 15 October 2017, so it pairs with 2004–2017 (4).
  • ✓ D UNMISET (East Timor) ran from May 2002 to May 2005, so it pairs with 2002–2005 (2).

Remember · Liberia UNMIL 2003–18; Haiti MINUSTAH 2004–17; Chad and CAR MINURCAT 2007–10; East Timor UNMISET 2002–05. Fixing two pairs usually settles the code.

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's provisional GS Paper I (2026, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2026 · Q72

X-Ray · Core #53 Medium Provisional key

सूची I को सूची II से सुमेलित कीजिए और सूचियों के नीचे दिए गए कूट का प्रयोग कर उत्तर चुनिए :

सूची I (बिम्सटेक केंद्र/स्थापना)सूची II (स्थान)
A.बिम्सटेक सांस्कृतिक उद्योग प्रेक्षण-शाला (ऑब्जर्वेटरी)1. नोएडा (NOIDA)
B.बिम्सटेक ऊर्जा केंद्र2. बेंगलुरु
C.मौसम और जलवायु के लिए बिम्सटेक केंद्र3. कोलंबो
D.बिम्सटेक प्रौद्योगिकी हस्तांतरण केंद्र4. थिम्पू
Read this question in English

Match List I with List II and select the answer using the code given below the Lists:

A. BIMSTEC Cultural Industries Observatory — 1. NOIDA

B. BIMSTEC Energy Centre — 2. Bengaluru

C. BIMSTEC Centre for Weather and Climate — 3. Colombo

D. BIMSTEC Technology Transfer Facility — 4. Thimphu

(a) A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4 · (b) A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4 · (c) A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3 · (d) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (c) A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3

The BIMSTEC Cultural Industries Observatory is to be in Thimphu, the Energy Centre in Bengaluru, the Centre for Weather and Climate in Noida and the Technology Transfer Facility in Colombo. That gives A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3.

  • ✓ A The Cultural Industries Observatory is to be established in Thimphu, Bhutan (4).
  • ✓ B The Energy Centre is housed at the Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru (2).
  • ✓ C The Centre for Weather and Climate is located at the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting, Noida (1).
  • ✓ D The Technology Transfer Facility is to be established in Colombo, Sri Lanka (3).

Remember · BIMSTEC centres: Energy (Bengaluru), Weather and Climate (Noida), Cultural Industries Observatory (Thimphu), Technology Transfer Facility (Colombo).

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's provisional GS Paper I (2026, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2026 · Q75

X-Ray · Core #12 Easy Provisional key

निम्नलिखित में से कौन-से देश यूरोपीय संघ के सदस्य हैं ?

  1. 1.बेलारूस
  2. 2.पोलैंड
  3. 3.जर्मनी
  4. 4.स्विट्ज़रलैंड

नीचे दिए गए कूट का प्रयोग कर उत्तर चुनिए :

Read this question in English

Which of the following countries are members of the European Union?

1. Belarus

2. Poland

3. Germany

4. Switzerland

Select the answer using the code given below:

(a) 1, 2 and 4 · (b) 1 and 4 only · (c) 2 and 3 · (d) 2 and 4 only

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (c) 2 और 3

Poland (a member since 2004) and Germany (one of the six founding members) are EU members. Belarus and Switzerland are European countries outside the EU; Switzerland deals with the EU through a free trade agreement and bilateral agreements.

  • ✗ 1. Belarus is not an EU member: it is not among the 27 EU countries or the countries that joined in any enlargement.
  • ✓ 2. Poland joined the European Union in the fifth enlargement of 2004.
  • ✓ 3. Germany is one of the six founding countries of the European Union (with Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands).
  • ✗ 4. Switzerland is not an EU member; its relations with the EU are governed by a free trade agreement and a series of bilateral agreements.

Remember · EU members here: Germany (one of the six founders) and Poland (2004). Switzerland is outside the EU (bilateral agreements); Belarus is not a member either.

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's provisional GS Paper I (2026, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2025 · Q21

X-Ray · Core #30 Medium

निम्नलिखित देशों पर विचार कीजिए :

  1. I.ऑस्ट्रिया
  2. II.बुल्गारिया
  3. III.क्रोएशिया
  4. IV.सर्बिया
  5. V.स्वीडेन
  6. VI.उत्तरी मेसिडोनिया

उपर्युक्त में से कितने उत्तरी अटलांटिक संधि संगठन के सदस्य देश हैं?

Read this question in English

Consider the following countries:

I. Austria

II. Bulgaria

III. Croatia

IV. Serbia

V. Sweden

VI. North Macedonia

How many of the above are members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization?

(a) Only three · (b) Only four · (c) Only five · (d) All the six

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (b) केवल चार

Bulgaria (2004), Croatia (2009), North Macedonia (2020) and Sweden (2024) are NATO members. Austria and Serbia are only NATO partners, not Allies, and both stress neutrality.

  • ✗ I Austria is not on NATO's list of 32 Allies. The Austrian Foreign Ministry calls Austria a NATO partner, a member of the Partnership for Peace since 1995, and stresses its commitment to neutrality.
  • ✓ II Bulgaria joined NATO in 2004, as NATO's member list shows.
  • ✓ III Croatia became a member in 2009, as NATO's member list shows.
  • ✗ IV Serbia is a Partnership for Peace partner since 2006 but does not seek membership; NATO says it respects Serbia's military neutrality.
  • ✓ V Sweden joined NATO in 2024, as NATO's member list shows; NATO then had 32 members.
  • ✓ VI North Macedonia joined NATO in 2020, as NATO's member list shows.

Remember · NATO has 32 Allies: Finland 2023 and Sweden 2024 the newest; North Macedonia 2020; Croatia 2009; Bulgaria 2004. Austria and Serbia are partners (Partnership for Peace), not members.

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2025, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 1 Oct 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2025 · Q35

X-Ray · Core #33 Easy

निम्नलिखित में से किस एक ने ‘एशिया और प्रशांत क्षेत्रों के लिए प्रकृति समाधान (नेचर सॉल्यूशन्स) वित्त हब’ प्रारंभ किया?

Read this question in English

Which one of the following launched the ‘Nature Solutions Finance Hub for Asia and the Pacific’?

(a) The Asian Development Bank (ADB) · (b) The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) · (c) The New Development Bank (NDB) · (d) The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (a) एशियाई विकास बैंक (ADB)

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) launched the Nature Solutions Finance Hub for Asia and the Pacific at COP28 in Dubai on 4 December 2023. It aims to attract at least $2 billion into investment programmes that include nature-based solutions, especially from capital markets and private capital.

  • ✓ (a) ADB's own news release calls it 'ADB's Nature Solutions Finance Hub for Asia and the Pacific' and says ADB launched it at COP28.
  • ✗ (b) The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank is a separate regional lender and is not the launcher of this hub, though it too works in the Asia-Pacific.
  • ✗ (d) The IBRD (World Bank) did not launch this hub; the initiative belongs to ADB, as its own release says.

Remember · Nature Solutions Finance Hub for Asia and the Pacific: launched by ADB at COP28 (Dubai, 4 December 2023), aiming to draw at least $2 billion into nature-based solutions.

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2025, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2025 · Q92

X-Ray · Core #53 Medium

BIMSTEC के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :

  1. I.यह जनवरी 2025 तक सात सदस्य देशों से मिलकर बना एक क्षेत्रीय संगठन है।
  2. II.यह ढाका घोषणा, 1999 पर हस्ताक्षर होने के साथ अस्तित्व में आया।
  3. III.बांग्लादेश, भारत, श्रीलंका, थाइलैंड और नेपाल BIMSTEC के संस्थापक सदस्य देश हैं।
  4. IV.BIMSTEC में, ‘पर्यटन’ उप-क्षेत्र का नेतृत्व भारत कर रहा है।

उपर्युक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/कौन-से सही है/हैं?

Read this question in English

Consider the following statements in respect of BIMSTEC:

I. It is a regional organization consisting of seven member States till January 2025.

II. It came into existence with the signing of the Dhaka Declaration, 1999.

III. Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Nepal are founding member States of BIMSTEC.

IV. In BIMSTEC, the subsector of 'tourism' is being led by India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) I and II · (b) II and III · (c) I and IV · (d) I only

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (d) केवल I

Only Statement I is correct: BIMSTEC has had seven members since Nepal and Bhutan joined in 2004. It began with the Bangkok Declaration of 1997, not a Dhaka Declaration; Nepal joined only in 2004, so it is not a founder; and the tourism sub-sector is led by Nepal, not India.

  • ✓ I BIMSTEC's own history lists seven Member States: Myanmar joined in December 1997 and Bhutan and Nepal in February 2004, so the count was seven in January 2025 too.
  • ✗ II BIMSTEC's own history places its founding on 6 June 1997, with the Bangkok Declaration, not on a Dhaka Declaration of 1999.
  • ✗ III The organisation began as BIST-EC with Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka and Thailand; Nepal joined only in 2004, so it is not a founding member.
  • ✗ IV BIMSTEC's website records Nepal as the Lead Country for the tourism sub-sector, so India does not lead it.

Remember · BIMSTEC: founded by the Bangkok Declaration (6 June 1997) as BIST-EC with four states; seven members since 2004; Nepal leads tourism.

Sources

  • History, BIMSTEC Secretariat (bimstec.org) ↗ · reference work “was established on 06 June 1997 with the signing of the Bangkok Declaration. Initially known as BIST-EC (Bangladesh-India-Sri Lanka-Thailand Economic Cooperation) … comprises seven Member States with the admission of Myanmar on 22 December 1997, and Bhutan and Nepal in February 2004”
  • Tourism sub-sector, BIMSTEC Secretariat (bimstec.org) ↗ · reference work “The Second Meeting of the BIMSTEC Working Group on Tourism was held on 17–18 January 2024 in Kathmandu, hosted by Nepal as the Lead Country.”

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2025, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2025 · Q95

Medium

ग्रैंड पैले (Grand Palais), पेरिस में फरवरी 2025 में आयोजित AI ऐक्शन समिट (शिखर सम्मेलन) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :

  1. I.भारत की सह-अध्यक्षता में इस शिखर सम्मेलन में 2023 में संपन्न ब्लेचली पार्क शिखर सम्मेलन और 2024 में संपन्न सियोल शिखर सम्मेलन में की गई पहलों को आगे विकसित किया गया।
  2. II.अन्य देशों के साथ-साथ US और UK ने भी समावेशी और सतत AI विषयक घोषणापत्र पर हस्ताक्षर किए।

उपर्युक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/कौन-से सही है/हैं?

Read this question in English

Consider the following statements regarding AI Action Summit held in Grand Palais, Paris in February 2025:

I. Co-chaired with India, the event builds on the advances made at the Bletchley Park Summit held in 2023 and the Seoul Summit held in 2024.

II. Along with other countries, US and UK also signed the declaration on inclusive and sustainable AI.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) I only · (b) II only · (c) Both I and II · (d) Neither I nor II

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (a) केवल I

The Paris AI Action Summit (10-11 February 2025) was hosted by France and co-chaired by India, and it followed the summits at Bletchley Park (UK) and Seoul (Republic of Korea). It ended with a leaders' statement on inclusive and sustainable AI, but the United States and the United Kingdom are not among its signatories.

  • ✓ I France hosted the summit with India as co-chair. The French Presidency describes it as building on the momentum of the two earlier summits, organised by the UK (Bletchley Park) and the Republic of Korea (Seoul).
  • ✗ II The Statement's official list of signatory countries includes India, China and France, and runs from Ukraine straight to Uruguay: neither the United States nor the United Kingdom appears on it.

Remember · Paris AI Action Summit, 10-11 February 2025: France host, India co-chair, after Bletchley Park (2023) and Seoul (2024). The US and UK did not sign its statement.

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2025, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2025 · Q96

X-Ray · Core #5 Medium

निम्नलिखित युग्मों पर विचार कीजिए :

  1. I.अंतर्राष्ट्रीय महिला कृषक वर्ष : 2026
  2. II.अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सतत और समुत्थानशील (रेजिलियेंट) पर्यटन वर्ष : 2027
  3. III.अंतर्राष्ट्रीय शांति और विश्वास वर्ष : 2025
  4. IV.अंतर्राष्ट्रीय क्षुद्रग्रह जागरूकता और ग्रहीय रक्षा (प्लैनेटरी डिफेन्स) वर्ष : 2029

उपर्युक्त युग्मों में से कितने सही सुमेलित हैं?

Read this question in English

Consider the following pairs:

I. International Year of the Woman Farmer: 2026

II. International Year of Sustainable and Resilient Tourism: 2027

III. International Year of Peace and Trust: 2025

IV. International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defence: 2029

How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

(a) Only one · (b) Only two · (c) Only three · (d) All the four

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (d) सभी चार

The UN General Assembly has proclaimed all four of these observances for the years shown. Each pair matches the year set by the Assembly, so all four are correctly matched.

  • ✓ I The United Nations declared 2026 the International Year of the Woman Farmer; the resolution invites FAO to help carry it out together with the other Rome-based UN agencies.
  • ✓ II The General Assembly adopted a resolution on 26 February 2024 declaring 2027 the International Year of Sustainable and Resilient Tourism, to be facilitated by UN Tourism.
  • ✓ III The General Assembly declared 2025 the International Year of Peace and Trust, calling for conflicts to be resolved through inclusive dialogue and negotiation.
  • ✓ IV 2029 is the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defence, timed for the safe flyby of asteroid 99942 Apophis on 13 April 2029.

Remember · UN International Years: 2025 Peace and Trust; 2026 Woman Farmer; 2027 Sustainable and Resilient Tourism; 2029 Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defence (Apophis flyby, 13 April 2029).

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2025, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2025 · Q97

X-Ray · Core #12 Medium

BRICS के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :

  1. I.16वाँ BRICS शिखर सम्मेलन रूस की अध्यक्षता में कजान में संपन्न हुआ था।
  2. II.इंडोनेशिया BRICS का पूर्ण सदस्य बन गया है।
  3. III.16वाँ BRICS शिखर सम्मेलन का मुख्य विषय न्यायपूर्ण वैश्विक विकास और सुरक्षा के लिए बहुसंस्कृतिवाद को सशक्त करना था।

उपर्युक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/कौन-से सही है/हैं?

Read this question in English

Consider the following statements with regard to BRICS:

I. 16th BRICS Summit was held under the Chairship of Russia in Kazan.

II. Indonesia has become a full member of BRICS.

III. The theme of the 16th BRICS Summit was Strengthening Multiculturalism for Just Global Development and Security.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) I and II · (b) II and III · (c) I and III · (d) I only

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (a) I और II

The 16th BRICS Summit was held in Kazan on 22-24 October 2024 under Russia's chairmanship, and Indonesia took up full membership from 1 January 2025. Statement III changes one word of the theme, which was 'Strengthening Multilateralism', not 'Multiculturalism', for Just Global Development and Security.

  • ✓ I Russia chaired BRICS in 2024 and hosted the 16th Summit in Kazan on 22-24 October 2024.
  • ✓ II Indonesia became a full BRICS member with effect from 1 January 2025, a step Russia publicly welcomed.
  • ✗ III The Kazan Summit's theme was 'Strengthening Multilateralism for Just Global Development and Security'. 'Multiculturalism' is a substituted word.

Remember · 16th BRICS Summit: Kazan, Russia, 22-24 October 2024, theme 'Strengthening Multilateralism for Just Global Development and Security'. Indonesia became a full member on 1 January 2025.

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2025, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2024 · Q24

X-Ray · Core #5 Medium

विश्व शौचालय संगठन (वर्ल्ड टॉयलेट ऑर्गनाइज़ेशन) के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :

  1. 1.यह संयुक्त राष्ट्र की एजेंसियों में से एक है ।
  2. 2.वैश्विक स्वच्छता संकट के समाधान पर कार्रवाई हेतु प्रेरित करने के लिए विश्व शौचालय शिखर सम्मेलन, विश्व शौचालय दिवस और विश्व शौचालय कॉलेज इस संगठन की पहल हैं ।
  3. 3.इसके कार्यों का मुख्य लक्ष्य कम विकसित देशों और विकासशील देशों को खुले में शौच की समाप्ति के लक्ष्य की प्राप्ति के लिए निधि प्रदान करना है ।

उपर्युक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/कौन-से सही है/हैं ?

Read this question in English

Consider the following statements regarding World Toilet Organization:

1. It is one of the agencies of the United Nations.

2. World Toilet Summit, World Toilet Day and World Toilet College are the initiatives of this organization, to inspire action to tackle the global sanitation crisis.

3. The main focus of its function is to grant funds to the least developed countries and developing countries to achieve the end of open defecation.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 2 only · (b) 3 only · (c) 1 and 2 · (d) 2 and 3

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (a) केवल 2

The World Toilet Organization is a Singapore-based non-profit founded by Jack Sim on 19 November 2001, not a UN body. It started World Toilet Day, the World Toilet Summit and the World Toilet College, and it works by advocacy, training and local sanitation markets rather than by handing out grants to countries.

  • ✗ 1. WTO describes itself as a global non-profit registered in Singapore. The UN adopted its 19 November day as UN World Toilet Day in 2013 through a resolution Singapore sponsored, but that did not make WTO a UN agency.
  • ✓ 2. WTO launched World Toilet Day and the World Toilet Summit in 2001 and the World Toilet College in 2005, all to push sanitation up the global agenda.
  • ✗ 3. Its work is lobbying, education and training, and helping local sanitation businesses (for example through SaniShop); it is not a funding agency that gives grants to poorer countries.

Remember · World Toilet Organization: Singapore non-profit, founded 19 Nov 2001 by Jack Sim. Started World Toilet Day (UN-recognised 2013), World Toilet Summit (2001), World Toilet College (2005).

Sources

  • United Nations (DESA / UN-Water), World Toilet Day 2015 concept note: background ↗ “The 2015 World Toilet Day (WTD) at the United Nations (UN) is an initiative of the Singapore Government and a Singapore NGO, the World Toilet Organisation.”
  • United Nations, World Toilet Day: Background ↗ “World Toilet Day is coordinated by UN-Water, the United Nations inter-agency coordination mechanism on water and sanitation.”
  • World Toilet Organization: About Us (history) ↗ · reference work “WTO established World Toilet Day and the World Toilet Summit in 2001; this was followed by the World Toilet College in 2005. … World Toilet Organization (WTO) is a global non-profit committed to improving toilet and sanitation conditions worldwide. WTO empowers individuals through education, training and building local marketplace opportunities”
  • World Toilet Organization: Our Movement ↗ · reference work “19 November was officially recognised as UN World Toilet Day on July 24, 2013, the result of our relentless commitment to raising awareness on the sanitation crisis and a resolution sponsored by the Singapore government on our behalf.”

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2024, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 1 Oct 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2024 · Q26

X-Ray · Core #12 Medium

निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा “100 मिलियन किसानों” का सही विवरण है ?

Read this question in English

Which one of the following is the correct description of "100 Million Farmers"?

(a) It is a platform for accelerating the transition towards food and water systems that are net-zero (carbon), nature-positive and that aims to increase farmer resilience. · (b) It is an international alliance and a network of individuals and farming organisations interested in supporting and strengthening the development of the organic animal husbandry. · (c) It is a digital platform fully integrated with service providers and built on blockchain that lets buyers, sellers and third parties trade fertilizers quickly and securely. · (d) It is a platform with the mission of encouraging the farmers to form Farmer Product Organisations or Agribusiness Consortiums, thus facilitating the access to global open markets to sell their products.

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (a) यह नेट-शून्य (कार्बन), प्रकृति-सकारात्मक खाद्य और जल प्रणालियों की ओर संक्रमण को तेज़ करने के लिए एक मंच है जिसका लक्ष्य किसानों की पुनरुत्थानशीलता में वृद्धि करना है ।

100 Million Farmers is a World Economic Forum platform, launched in 2021, that brings companies, governments, farmer groups and financiers together to shift food and water systems to net-zero, nature-positive farming by 2030 while making farmers more resilient. The name refers to its goal of reaching 100 million farmers.

  • ✓ (a) The WEF describes it as a multi-stakeholder platform for net-zero, nature-positive food systems by 2030 that backs local solutions, farmer incentives and resilience, including through regenerative and climate-smart practices.
  • ✗ (b) An international network devoted to organic animal husbandry is a different body; 100 Million Farmers deals with climate and nature outcomes across farming, not organic livestock specifically.
  • ✗ (d) Organising farmers into producer organisations for market access is a common policy tool, but it is not the purpose of this WEF climate-and-nature platform.

Remember · 100 Million Farmers = World Economic Forum platform (2021) for net-zero, nature-positive food and water systems and farmer resilience by 2030.

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2024, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2024 · Q59

X-Ray · Core #33 Medium

निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :

  1. 1.भारत इंटरनेशनल ग्रेन्स काउन्सिल का सदस्य है ।
  2. 2.चावल और गेहूँ के निर्यात या आयात के लिए किसी देश को इंटरनेशनल ग्रेन्स काउन्सिल का सदस्य होना आवश्यक है ।

उपर्युक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/कौन-से सही है/हैं ?

Read this question in English

Consider the following statements:

1. India is a member of the International Grains Council.

2. A country needs to be a member of the International Grains Council for exporting or importing rice and wheat.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only · (b) 2 only · (c) Both 1 and 2 · (d) Neither 1 nor 2

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (a) केवल 1

Only the first statement holds: India is one of the countries that make up the International Grains Council (IGC). The second fails, because the IGC is a forum for co-operation, information-sharing and market transparency, and belonging to it is not a condition for exporting or importing rice or wheat.

  • ✓ 1. The IGC lists India among the parties to the Grains Trade Convention, 1995, which make up its membership. India was moved in 2003 from the list of importing members to the list of exporters.
  • ✗ 2. The IGC seeks to further co-operation in grains trade and improve market transparency through information-sharing and analysis. It does not license trade, so non-members can still export or import grains.

Remember · India is an IGC member (Grains Trade Convention, 1995); the IGC promotes grain market transparency and does not control who may trade.

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2024, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2024 · Q87

X-Ray · Core #57 Medium

निम्नलिखित युग्मों पर विचार कीजिए :

देशसमाचार में रहने का कारण
1.अर्जेंटीनासबसे खराब आर्थिक संकट
2.सूडानदेश की नियमित सेना और अर्धसैनिक बलों के मध्य युद्ध
3.तुर्कीNATO की अपनी सदस्यता निरस्त कर दी

उपर्युक्त युग्मों में से कितने सही सुमेलित हैं ?

Read this question in English

Consider the following pairs:

1. Argentina — Worst economic crisis

2. Sudan — War between the country's regular army and paramilitary forces

3. Turkey — Rescinded its membership of NATO

How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

(a) Only one pair · (b) Only two pairs · (c) All three pairs · (d) None of the pairs

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (b) केवल दो युग्म

Pairs 1 and 2 are correct. Argentina was in a deep economic crisis in 2023-24, and Sudan has been at war since April 2023 between its army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces. Turkey did not leave NATO: it has been a member since 1952 and is on NATO's list of 32 members in 2024.

  • ✓ 1. Argentina's economy was in deep crisis around 2023-24. The IMF describes elevated and rising inflation, depleted reserves and high poverty as the inheritance of the new government, and an economy pushed to the brink of a full-blown balance of payments crisis.
  • ✓ 2. Since 15 April 2023 the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) have been fighting the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), a conflict that has displaced millions.
  • ✗ 3. Turkey (Türkiye) joined NATO on 18 February 1952 and remained a member. NATO's page of member countries, updated 11 March 2024, lists Türkiye among its 32 members.

Remember · Sudan: army (SAF) versus paramilitary RSF since April 2023. Argentina: deep economic crisis in 2023-24. Turkey stayed in NATO, a member since 1952.

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2024, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2024 · Q96

X-Ray · Core #3 Medium

निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :

  1. कथन-I: हाल ही में, यूरोपीय संसद ने द नेट-ज़ीरो इंडस्ट्री ऐक्ट को मंजूरी दी ।
  2. कथन-II: यूरोपीय संघ वर्ष 2040 तक कार्बन तटस्थता (न्यूट्रालिटी) प्राप्त करने का आशय रखता है और इसलिए उसका लक्ष्य उस समय तक अपनी सभी स्वच्छ प्रौद्योगिकी विकसित करना है ।

उपर्युक्त कथनों के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा सही है ?

Read this question in English

Consider the following statements:

Statement-I. The European Parliament approved The Net-Zero Industry Act recently.

Statement-II. The European Union intends to achieve carbon neutrality by 2040 and therefore aims to develop all of its own clean technology by that time.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

(a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I · (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I · (c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect · (d) Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (c) कथन-I सही है, किंतु कथन-II सही नहीं है

Statement-I is correct: the European Parliament approved the Net-Zero Industry Act on 25 April 2024. Statement-II is wrong on two counts. The EU's goal is net-zero emissions by 2050, not 2040, and the Act aims for the EU to produce about 40% of its own annual needs for net-zero technologies by 2030, not all of them.

  • ✓ Statement-I The European Parliament adopted the Act on 25 April 2024 by 361 votes to 121, with 45 abstentions. At that stage the Council still had to adopt it formally for it to become law.
  • ✗ Statement-II The EU's climate target is a 55% cut in net emissions by 2030 and net-zero by 2050. The Act sets a target of 40% of annual deployment needs for net-zero technologies to be produced in Europe by 2030. It does not aim at making all clean technology in the EU.

Remember · EU Net-Zero Industry Act (Parliament vote 25 April 2024): target 40% of annual deployment needs of net-zero technologies made in the EU by 2030; EU climate neutrality target is 2050.

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2024, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2023 · Q30

X-Ray · Core #33 Hard

निम्नलिखित आधारिक संरचना क्षेत्रकों पर विचार कीजिए :

  1. 1.किफायती आवास
  2. 2.सर्वसाधारण द्रुत परिवहन (मास रैपिड ट्रांसपोर्ट)
  3. 3.स्वास्थ्य देखभाल
  4. 4.पुनर्नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा

उपर्युक्त में से कितनों पर यू॰ एन॰ ओ॰ पी॰ एस॰ आधारिक संरचना और नवाचार में धारणीय निवेश पहल [ सस्टेनेबल इन्वेस्टमेंट्स इन इन्फ्रास्ट्रक्चर ऐंड इनोवेशन (S3i) ] अपने निवेशों के लिए ध्यान केन्द्रित करता है?

Read this question in English

Consider the following infrastructure sectors:

1. Affordable housing

2. Mass rapid transport

3. Health care

4. Renewable energy

On how many of the above does UNOPS Sustainable Investments in Infrastructure and Innovation (S3i) initiative focus for its investments?

(a) Only one · (b) Only two · (c) Only three · (d) All four

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (c) केवल तीन

UNOPS ran the S3i initiative to invest directly in infrastructure in developing countries, and named three areas: affordable housing, renewable energy and health. Mass rapid transport was not one of them.

  • ✓ 1. Affordable housing was a core S3i area. The independent review of S3i lists social-housing loans for projects in Kenya, Ghana, India and Antigua and Barbuda.
  • ✗ 2. Mass rapid transport was not among S3i's declared investment areas.
  • ✓ 3. Health was one of the three areas UNOPS itself named for S3i, alongside affordable housing and renewable energy.
  • ✓ 4. Renewable energy was the third area. S3i's first investment, in August 2018, went to a wind project in Mexico.

Remember · UNOPS S3i invested in affordable housing, renewable energy and health infrastructure. Mass rapid transport was not among its areas.

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2023, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2023 · Q87

X-Ray · Core #12 Medium

निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :

  1. कथन–I: हाल ही में, संयुक्त राज्य अमरीका (यू॰ एस॰ ए॰) और यूरोपीय संघ (ई॰ यू॰) ने ‘व्यापार और प्रौद्योगिकी परिषद्’ प्रारंभ की है।
  2. कथन–II: संयुक्त राज्य अमरीका और यूरोपीय संघ यह दावा करते हैं कि वे इसके माध्यम से तकनीकी प्रगति और भौतिक उत्पादकता को अपने नियंत्रण में लाने का प्रयास कर रहे हैं।

उपर्युक्त कथनों के बारे में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा एक सही है?

Read this question in English

Consider the following statements:

Statement-I. Recently, the United States of America (USA) and the European Union (EU) have launched the ‘Trade and Technology Council’.

Statement-II. The USA and the EU claim that through this they are trying to bring technological progress and physical productivity under their control.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

(a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I · (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I · (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect · (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (c) कथन–I सही है किन्तु कथन–II गलत है

The US-EU Trade and Technology Council is real: it was set up in 2021 and first met in Pittsburgh on 29 September 2021. Its stated aims are to coordinate approaches on technology, economic and trade issues and to deepen transatlantic economic ties, not to bring technological progress under the two powers' control.

  • ✓ Statement-I The Trade and Technology Council (TTC) was launched by the United States and the European Union in 2021: the European Commission says it was set up at the EU-US Summit in Brussels on 15 June 2021, and its first ministerial meeting took place in Pittsburgh on 29 September 2021.
  • ✗ Statement-II The TTC is a forum where the two sides align their approaches on trade, economic and technology questions and strengthen transatlantic commerce, resting on shared democratic values. Neither side says it is putting technological progress or productivity under its control.

Remember · US-EU Trade and Technology Council (2021): a coordination forum on technology, economic and trade issues built on shared democratic values; first met in Pittsburgh on 29 September 2021.

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2023, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 1 Oct 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2023 · Q89

X-Ray · Core #12 Easy

निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :

यूरोपीय संघ का ‘स्थिरता एवं संवृद्धि समझौता (स्टेबिलिटी ऐंड ग्रोथ पैक्ट)’ ऐसी संधि है, जो

  1. 1.यूरोपीय संघ के देशों के बजटीय घाटे के स्तर को सीमित करती है
  2. 2.यूरोपीय संघ के देशों के लिए अपनी आधारिक संरचना सुविधाओं को आपस में बाँटना सुकर बनाती है
  3. 3.यूरोपीय संघ के देशों के लिए अपनी प्रौद्योगिकियों को आपस में बाँटना सुकर बनाती है

उपर्युक्त में से कितने कथन सही हैं?

Read this question in English

Consider the following statements:

The 'Stability and Growth Pact' of the European Union is a treaty that

1. limits the levels of the budgetary deficit of the countries of the European Union

2. makes the countries of the European Union to share their infrastructure facilities

3. enables the countries of the European Union to share their technologies

How many of the above statements are correct?

(a) Only one · (b) Only two · (c) All three · (d) None

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (a) केवल एक

Only statement 1 is correct. The Stability and Growth Pact is a set of fiscal rules that keeps member states' budget deficits (3% of GDP) and public debt (60% of GDP) within limits; it says nothing about sharing infrastructure or technology.

  • ✓ 1. The Pact is meant to ensure sound public finances and coordinated fiscal policies, and compliance is checked against reference values of 3% of GDP for the government deficit and 60% for gross debt.
  • ✗ 2. The Pact is a budgetary-discipline framework. It does not oblige countries to pool or share infrastructure facilities.
  • ✗ 3. Technology sharing is not part of the Pact, which deals only with fiscal policy.

Remember · EU Stability and Growth Pact: fiscal rules limiting deficits (3% of GDP) and debt (60% of GDP), enforced through the excessive deficit procedure.

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2023, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2023 · Q90

X-Ray · Core #5 Medium

निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :

  1. 1.हाल ही में, संयुक्त राष्ट्र के सभी देशों ने अंतर्राष्ट्रीय प्रवास के लिए अभी तक की पहली संविदा, ‘सुरक्षित, व्यवस्थित और नियमित प्रवास के लिए वैश्विक संविदा [ ग्लोबल कॉम्पैक्ट फॉर सेफ, ऑर्डरली ऐंड रेगुलर माइग्रेशन (जी॰ सी॰ एम॰) ]’ अपनाई है।
  2. 2.जी॰ सी॰ एम॰ में अधिकथित उद्देश्य और प्रतिबद्धताएँ यू॰ एन॰ सदस्य देशों पर बाध्यकर हैं।
  3. 3.जी॰ सी॰ एम॰ अपने उद्देश्यों और प्रतिबद्धताओं के अंतर्गत आंतरिक प्रवास या आंतरिक रूप से विस्थापित लोगों के लिए भी कार्य करती है।

उपर्युक्त में से कितने कथन सही हैं?

Read this question in English

Consider the following statements:

1. Recently, all the countries of the United Nations have adopted the first-ever compact for international migration, the 'Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM)'.

2. The objectives and commitments stated in the GCM are binding on the UN member countries.

3. The GCM addresses internal migration or internally displaced people also in its objectives and commitments.

How many of the above statements are correct?

(a) Only one · (b) Only two · (c) All three · (d) None

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (d) कोई भी नहीं

None of the statements is correct. The UN General Assembly endorsed the Global Compact by a vote, not unanimously; it is non-binding; and it deals with international migration, not internal migration or internally displaced people.

  • ✗ 1. The General Assembly endorsed the GCM in December 2018 with 152 votes in favour, 12 abstentions and 5 against (Czech Republic, Hungary, Israel, Poland, United States); another 24 members did not vote. So not all UN members adopted it.
  • ✗ 2. The Compact describes itself as a non-legally binding, cooperative framework.
  • ✗ 3. The Compact is about international migration in all its dimensions. It refers to migrants moving across borders and does not take up internal migration or internally displaced persons.

Remember · GCM (Marrakech, Dec 2018; UNGA vote 152-5-12): the first UN-negotiated global framework on international migration, non-legally binding, and it does not cover internal displacement.

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2023, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2023 · Q94

X-Ray · Core #57 Medium

निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :

  1. कथन–I: इज़राइल ने कुछ अरब राज्यों के साथ राजनयिक संबंध स्थापित किए हैं।
  2. कथन–II: ‘अरब शांति पहल’ सऊदी अरब की मध्यस्थता से इज़राइल और अरब लीग के बीच हस्ताक्षरित हुआ।

उपर्युक्त कथनों के बारे में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा एक सही है?

Read this question in English

Consider the following statements:

Statement-I. Israel has established diplomatic relations with some Arab States.

Statement-II. The 'Arab Peace Initiative' mediated by Saudi Arabia was signed by Israel and Arab League.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

(a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I · (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I · (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect · (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (c) कथन–I सही है किन्तु कथन–II गलत है

Statement-I is correct: Israel has normalised relations with several Arab States, including the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain in 2020. Statement-II is wrong: the Arab Peace Initiative was a Saudi proposal adopted by the Arab League in 2002, and Israel never signed it.

  • ✓ Statement-I In September 2020 Israel signed the Abraham Accords with the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, establishing normal relations. Egypt (1979) and Jordan (1994) had earlier made peace with Israel.
  • ✗ Statement-II The Arab League summit in Beirut (27-28 March 2002) adopted the initiative presented by Saudi Crown Prince Abdullah. It asks Israel to withdraw from Arab territories occupied since 1967 and offers normal relations from Arab States in return. Israel is the party addressed, not a signatory.

Remember · Arab Peace Initiative (2002): Saudi proposal adopted by the Arab League at Beirut; land for peace and normal relations. Israel did not sign. Abraham Accords (2020): Israel with UAE and Bahrain.

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2023, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2023 · Q100

X-Ray · Core #33 Easy

G-20 के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :

  1. 1.G-20 समूह की मूल रूप से स्थापना वित्त मंत्रियों और केन्द्रीय बैंक के गवर्नरों द्वारा अंतर्राष्ट्रीय आर्थिक और वित्तीय मुद्दों पर चर्चा के मंच के रूप में की गई थी।
  2. 2.डिजिटल सार्वजनिक बुनियादी ढाँचा भारत की G-20 प्राथमिकताओं में से एक है।

उपर्युक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं?

Read this question in English

Consider the following statements about G-20:

1. The G-20 group was originally established as a platform for the Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors to discuss the international economic and financial issues.

2. Digital public infrastructure is one of India's G-20 priorities.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only · (b) 2 only · (c) Both 1 and 2 · (d) Neither 1 nor 2

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (c) 1 और 2 दोनों

Both statements are correct. The G20 began in 1999, after the Asian financial crisis, as a forum of Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors, and India made digital public infrastructure one of the three priority areas of its 2023 G20 Presidency.

  • ✓ 1. The G20 was founded in 1999 after the Asian financial crisis as a meeting place for finance ministers and central bank governors. It was later raised to the level of heads of state or government.
  • ✓ 2. During India's 2023 Presidency the G20 Digital Economy Working Group named three priority areas: digital public infrastructure, security in the digital economy and digital skilling.

Remember · G20: founded 1999 for finance ministers and central bank governors, upgraded to a leaders' summit later. India's 2023 presidency put digital public infrastructure on its agenda.

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2023, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2022 · Q1

Easy

“त्वरित वित्तीयन प्रपत्र (Rapid Financing Instrument)” और “त्वरित ऋण सुविधा (Rapid Credit Facility)”, निम्नलिखित में किस एक के द्वारा उधार दिए जाने के उपबंधों से संबंधित हैं ?

Read this question in English

"Rapid Financing Instrument" and "Rapid Credit Facility" are related to the provisions of lending by which one of the following?

(a) Asian Development Bank · (b) International Monetary Fund · (c) United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative · (d) World Bank

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (b) अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मुद्रा कोष

Both are emergency lending windows of the International Monetary Fund. They give quick money to a member country hit by an urgent balance of payments need when a full IMF programme is not needed or not possible; the RCF is the concessional (low-income country) version.

  • ✓ (b) The IMF's Annual Report 2022 calls the Rapid Credit Facility (RCF) and the Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI) its emergency financing instruments for urgent balance of payments needs.
  • ✗ (d) The World Bank lends for long-term development projects and programmes. Short-term balance of payments rescue is the IMF's job, and the IMF says it does not lend for specific projects.
  • ✗ (a) The Asian Development Bank is a regional development lender for Asia and the Pacific; the RFI and RCF are not its facilities.

Remember · IMF emergency finance: RFI for any member with an urgent balance of payments need; RCF, on concessional terms, for low-income members through the PRGT.

Sources

  • IMF Annual Report 2022 — Lending ↗ “the Rapid Credit Facility (RCF) and the Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI), in order to ensure that member countries have continued access to the IMF’s emergency financing should urgent balance of payments needs arise … IMF lending falls into two categories: loans at interest rates determined by an average of those prevailing among the world’s main currencies and loans to low-income countries on concessional terms.”

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2022, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2022 · Q4

X-Ray · Core #12 Easy

“G20 कॉमन फ्रेमवर्क” के सन्दर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :

  1. 1.यह G20 और उसके साथ पेरिस क्लब द्वारा समर्थित पहल है ।
  2. 2.यह अधारणीय ऋण वाले निम्न आय देशों को सहायता देने की पहल है ।

उपर्युक्त कथनों में कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं ?

Read this question in English

With reference to the "G20 Common Framework", consider the following statements:

1. It is an initiative endorsed by the G20 together with the Paris Club.

2. It is an initiative to support Low Income Countries with unsustainable debt.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only · (b) 2 only · (c) Both 1 and 2 · (d) Neither 1 nor 2

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (c) 1 और 2 दोनों

The Common Framework for Debt Treatments beyond the DSSI was agreed in November 2020 by the G20 along with the Paris Club of official creditors. Its purpose is to restructure, case by case, the debt of low-income countries whose debt has become unsustainable.

  • ✓ 1. The G20 and the Paris Club endorsed it together in November 2020. It brings Paris Club creditors and the other G20 official bilateral creditors into one coordinated process.
  • ✓ 2. It targets low-income countries with unsustainable debt. Each eligible country's request is handled case by case by a creditor committee, with the IMF and World Bank supporting the talks through their debt sustainability analysis.

Remember · G20 Common Framework (November 2020): G20 together with the Paris Club; case-by-case debt treatment for low-income countries with unsustainable debt, through creditor committees.

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2022, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2022 · Q42

Hard

निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :

  1. 1.“जलवायु समूह (दि क्लाइमेट ग्रुप)” एक अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ग़ैर-लाभकारी संगठन है जो बड़े नेटवर्क बना कर जलवायु क्रिया को प्रेरित करता है और उन्हें चलाता है ।
  2. 2.अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ऊर्जा एजेंसी ने जलवायु समूह की भागीदारी में एक वैश्विक पहल “EP100” प्रारंभ की ।
  3. 3.EP100, ऊर्जा दक्षता में नवप्रवर्तन को प्रेरित करने एवं उत्सर्जन न्यूनीकरण लक्ष्यों को प्राप्त करते हुए प्रतिस्पर्धात्मकता बढ़ाने के लिए प्रतिबद्ध अग्रणी कंपनियों को साथ लाता है ।
  4. 4.कुछ भारतीय कंपनियाँ EP100 की सदस्य हैं ।
  5. 5.अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ऊर्जा एजेंसी “अंडर2 कोएलिशन” का सचिवालय है ।

उपर्युक्त कथनों में कौन-से सही हैं ?

Read this question in English

Consider the following statements:

1. "The Climate Group" is an international non-profit organization that drives climate action by building large networks and runs them.

2. The International Energy Agency in partnership with the Climate Group launched a global initiative "EP100".

3. EP100 brings together leading companies committed to driving innovation in energy efficiency and increasing competitiveness while delivering on emission reduction goals.

4. Some Indian companies are members of EP100.

5. The International Energy Agency is the Secretariat to the "Under2 Coalition".

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1, 2, 4 and 5 · (b) 1, 3 and 4 only · (c) 2, 3 and 5 only · (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (b) केवल 1, 3 और 4

Statements 1, 3 and 4 are correct. The Climate Group, not the International Energy Agency, launched EP100 and is the secretariat of the Under2 Coalition, so statements 2 and 5 fail.

  • ✓ 1. The Climate Group is an international non-profit that describes its method as building and running networks of businesses and governments, such as EP100 and the Under2 Coalition.
  • ✗ 2. EP100 was launched by The Climate Group in 2016 as an action of the We Mean Business coalition. The International Energy Agency did not launch it.
  • ✓ 3. EP100 is a campaign inviting influential companies to pledge to double their energy productivity, that is, to get more economic output from each unit of energy used, which cuts emissions and raises competitiveness.
  • ✓ 4. Mahindra & Mahindra, the tractor maker, joined EP100 in April 2016 and pledged to double its energy productivity by 2030.
  • ✗ 5. The Climate Group has acted as secretariat of the Under2 Coalition, the network of state and regional governments, since 2015. The IEA holds no such role.

Remember · The Climate Group runs EP100 (energy productivity, business) and is secretariat of the Under2 Coalition (sub-national governments). Mahindra & Mahindra is an Indian member.

Sources

  • UNFCCC, Under2 Coalition press release, COP22 Marrakech (2016) ↗ “The Climate Group, an international non-profit that works with business, state and regional leaders to promote a prosperous, low-carbon future was announced as Secretariat of the Under2 Coalition at last year’s COP in Paris.”
  • The Climate Group, About us ↗ · reference work “We do this by building large and influential networks and holding organisations accountable, turning their commitments into action.”
  • The Climate Group, Under2 Coalition ↗ · reference work “Climate Group acts as the Under2 Coalition’s secretariat, supporting and accelerating collective climate ambition.”
  • Sustainable Energy for All, Businesses join new global campaign to boost energy productivity (The Climate Group press release, 11 May 2016) ↗ · reference work “The Climate Group launched a new global program on energy productivity - EP100 , an action of the We Mean Business coalition, at the Energy Efficiency Global Forum (EE Global) in Washington D.C. today … They join Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. , the world’s largest manufacturer of tractors, who joined EP100 last month and pledged to double their energy productivity by 2030 on a baseline of 2008-2009. … EP100 is a global campaign to encourage the world’s most influential businesses to pledge to double their energy productivity, in order to get more economic output from each unit of energy input.”

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2022, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 1 Oct 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2022 · Q66

X-Ray · Core #30 Easy

निम्नलिखित पर विचार कीजिए :

  1. 1.एशियाई अवसंरचना निवेश बैंक (एशियन इन्फ्रास्ट्रक्चर इन्वेस्टमेंट बैंक)
  2. 2.प्रक्षेपास्त्र प्रौद्योगिकी नियंत्रण व्यवस्था (मिसाइल टेक्नोलॉजी कन्ट्रोल रिजीम)
  3. 3.शंघाई सहयोग संगठन (शंघाई कोऑपरेशन ऑर्गेनाईज़ेशन)

भारत उपर्युक्त में से किसका/किनका सदस्य है ?

Read this question in English

Consider the following:

1. Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank

2. Missile Technology Control Regime

3. Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

India is a member of which of the above?

(a) 1 and 2 only · (b) 3 only · (c) 2 and 3 only · (d) 1, 2 and 3

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (d) 1, 2 और 3

India belongs to all three: it is a founding member of the AIIB, joined the Missile Technology Control Regime in 2016, and became a full member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation in June 2017.

  • ✓ 1. India is a Founding Member and the second largest shareholder in the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.
  • ✓ 2. India was admitted to the MTCR in 2016; the MTCR's own partner list carries the entry 'India (2016)'.
  • ✓ 3. India and Pakistan officially joined the SCO as full members at the Astana summit on 9 June 2017.

Remember · India: AIIB founding member; MTCR member since 2016; SCO full member since 9 June 2017 (Astana).

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2022, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2022 · Q76

X-Ray · Core #5 Hard

“संयुक्त राष्ट्र प्रत्यय समिति (युनाईटेड नेशंस क्रेडेंशियल्स कमिटी)” के सन्दर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :

  1. 1.यह संयुक्त राष्ट्र (UN) सुरक्षा परिषद् द्वारा स्थापित समिति है और इसके पर्यवेक्षण के अधीन काम करती है ।
  2. 2.पारंपरिक रूप से प्रति वर्ष मार्च, जून और सितंबर में इसकी बैठक होती है ।
  3. 3.यह महासभा को अनुमोदन हेतु रिपोर्ट प्रस्तुत करने से पूर्व सभी UN सदस्यों के प्रत्ययों का आकलन करती है ।

उपर्युक्त कथनों में कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं ?

Read this question in English

With reference to the “United Nations Credentials Committee”, consider the following statements:

1. It is a committee set up by the UN Security Council and works under its supervision.

2. It traditionally meets in March, June and September every year.

3. It assesses the credentials of all UN members before submitting a report to the General Assembly for approval.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 3 only · (b) 1 and 3 · (c) 2 and 3 · (d) 1 and 2

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (a) केवल 3

Only statement 3 is right: the Credentials Committee checks the credentials of member states' representatives and reports to the General Assembly. It is a body of the General Assembly, not of the Security Council, and the Assembly's rules give it no fixed March–June–September calendar.

  • ✗ 1. The Committee is appointed by the General Assembly, on the President's proposal, at the beginning of each session. It has no link to the Security Council.
  • ✗ 2. Rule 28 of the Assembly's rules of procedure only says the Committee is appointed at the start of each session, and the UN's own notes say its members are traditionally appointed at the first plenary meeting. No UN page gives a March, June and September meeting calendar.
  • ✓ 3. The Committee has nine members and examines the credentials that delegations submit, then reports to the Assembly, which acts on the report.

Remember · The UN Credentials Committee is a nine-member General Assembly committee, appointed each session, that examines delegates' credentials and reports to the Assembly.

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2022, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 1 Oct 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2022 · Q77

X-Ray · Core #53 Easy

निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा एक कथन ‘ध्रुवीय कोड (Polar Code)’ का सर्वोत्तम वर्णन करता है ?

Read this question in English

Which one of the following statements best describes the ‘Polar Code’?

(a) It is the international code of safety for ships operating in polar waters. · (b) It is the agreement of the countries around the North Pole regarding the demarcation of their territories in the polar region. · (c) It is a set of norms to be followed by the countries whose scientists undertake research studies in the North Pole and South Pole. · (d) It is a trade and security agreement of the member countries of the Arctic Council.

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (a) ध्रुवीय जलराशियों में परिचालन कर रहे जहाज़ों के लिए यह सुरक्षा का अंतर्राष्ट्रीय कोड है ।

The Polar Code is the International Maritime Organization's safety and pollution-prevention code for ships sailing in the Arctic and Antarctic waters. It is made binding through the SOLAS and MARPOL conventions and applies from 1 January 2017.

  • ✓ (a) Its full name is the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters. It covers ship design, equipment, crew training, search and rescue and protection of the polar environment.
  • ✗ (b) It says nothing about territorial claims or boundaries around the poles; it is a shipping rule-book.
  • ✗ (c) Norms for scientific research in the polar regions come from other instruments, such as the Antarctic Treaty system, and not from the Polar Code.
  • ✗ (d) The Arctic Council is a forum for cooperation on Arctic issues; the Polar Code was adopted by the IMO and is not a trade or security pact.

Remember · Polar Code = IMO's International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters, mandatory under SOLAS and MARPOL since 1 January 2017.

Sources

  • International Maritime Organization, Shipping in polar waters ↗ · reference work “IMO's International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code) is mandatory under both the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) and the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL). … The Polar Code entered into force on 1 January 2017.”

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2022, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2022 · Q78

X-Ray · Core #5 Medium

संयुक्त राष्ट्र महासभा के सन्दर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :

  1. 1.UN महासभा, ग़ैर-सदस्य राज्यों को प्रेक्षक स्थिति प्रदान कर सकती है ।
  2. 2.अंतःसरकारी संगठन UN महासभा में प्रेक्षक स्थिति पाने का प्रयत्न कर सकते हैं ।
  3. 3.UN महासभा में स्थायी प्रेक्षक UN मुख्यालय में मिशन बनाए रख सकते हैं ।

उपर्युक्त कथनों में कौन-से सही हैं ?

Read this question in English

With reference to the United Nations General Assembly, consider the following statements:

1. The UN General Assembly can grant observer status to the non-member States.

2. Inter-governmental organisations can seek observer status in the UN General Assembly.

3. Permanent Observers in the UN General Assembly can maintain missions at the UN headquarters.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only · (b) 2 and 3 only · (c) 1 and 3 only · (d) 1, 2 and 3

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (d) 1, 2 और 3

All three statements are correct. The General Assembly, by its own decisions, lets non-member States and inter-governmental organisations take part as observers, and Permanent Observers keep missions at UN Headquarters in New York.

  • ✓ 1. The Holy See and the State of Palestine are non-member observer States. In 2012 (resolution 67/19) the Assembly gave Palestine that status.
  • ✓ 2. Many inter-governmental organisations, such as the African Union and the OECD, hold a standing invitation to take part as observers in the Assembly's sessions and work.
  • ✓ 3. Non-member States with a standing invitation, and some inter-governmental organisations, maintain Permanent Observer Missions or offices at Headquarters.

Remember · Observers at the UN General Assembly: non-member States (Holy See, Palestine) and inter-governmental organisations. Both can keep permanent missions or offices at UN Headquarters.

Sources

  • United Nations, Non-Member States ↗ “Non-Member States having received a standing invitation to participate as Observers in the sessions and the work of the General Assembly and maintaining Permanent Observer Missions at Headquarters … By resolution A/RES/67/19 of 29 November 2012, the General Assembly accorded non-Member Observer State status to Palestine.”
  • United Nations, Intergovernmental and Other Organizations ↗ “Intergovernmental Organizations having received a standing invitation to participate as Observers in the sessions and the work of the General Assembly and maintaining Permanent Offices at Headquarters”

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2022, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

The Syllabus X-Ray of this topic

5 of its 5 sub-topics are Core

5 Core · 0 High · 0 Steady · 0 Rare

  • Core #5United Nations & its agencies · 15 questions
  • Core #12Global & economic groupings: G20, BRICS, QUAD · 11 questions
  • Core #30Treaties, regimes & export controls · 8 questions
  • Core #33Financial & trade institutions · 8 questions
  • Core #53Regional groupings: SAARC, BIMSTEC, ASEAN, SCO · 6 questions

The X-Ray ranks all 928 sub-topics of the UPSC syllabus by what UPSC has asked since 2016. The 60 Prelims Core sub-topics are behind 51% of Prelims questions.

See the whole X-Ray →

The same topic in Mains

More in International relations & current affairs