निम्नलिखित युग्मों पर विचार कीजिए : 1. अर्जेंटीना — सबसे खराब आर्थिक संकट 2. सूडान — देश की नियमित सेना और अर्धसैनिक बलों के मध्य युद्ध 3. तुर्की — NATO की अपनी सदस्यता निरस्त कर दी उपर्युक्त युग्मों में से कितने सही सुमेलित हैं ?

(a) केवल एक युग्म

(c) सभी तीन युग्म

(d) कोई युग्म नहीं

निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए : कथन-I. हाल ही में, यूरोपीय संसद ने द नेट-ज़ीरो इंडस्ट्री ऐक्ट को मंजूरी दी । कथन-II. यूरोपीय संघ वर्ष 2040 तक कार्बन तटस्थता (न्यूट्रालिटी) प्राप्त करने का आशय रखता है और इसलिए उसका लक्ष्य उस समय तक अपनी सभी स्वच्छ प्रौद्योगिकी विकसित करना है । उपर्युक्त कथनों के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा सही है ?

(a) कथन-I और कथन-II दोनों सही हैं तथा कथन-II, कथन-I की व्याख्या करता है

(b) कथन-I और कथन-II दोनों सही हैं, किंतु कथन-II, कथन-I की व्याख्या नहीं करता है

(d) कथन-I सही नहीं है, किंतु कथन-II सही है

प्रश्न यूपीएससी के हिंदी प्रश्नपत्र से · व्याख्या अभी अंग्रेज़ी में

English हिंदी

International relations & current affairs

Prelims · International relations & current affairs · 73 questions

International organisations & groupings

Every UPSC Prelims question on this topic, 2016–2026, newest first. Tap an option to check yourself; the answer and explanation open below it.

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UPSC syllabus: “Current events of national and international importance.” Sub-topics in the detailed syllabus →

Prelims 2024 · Q24

X-Ray · Core #5 Medium

विश्व शौचालय संगठन (वर्ल्ड टॉयलेट ऑर्गनाइज़ेशन) के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :

1.यह संयुक्त राष्ट्र की एजेंसियों में से एक है ।
2.वैश्विक स्वच्छता संकट के समाधान पर कार्रवाई हेतु प्रेरित करने के लिए विश्व शौचालय शिखर सम्मेलन, विश्व शौचालय दिवस और विश्व शौचालय कॉलेज इस संगठन की पहल हैं ।
3.इसके कार्यों का मुख्य लक्ष्य कम विकसित देशों और विकासशील देशों को खुले में शौच की समाप्ति के लक्ष्य की प्राप्ति के लिए निधि प्रदान करना है ।

उपर्युक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/कौन-से सही है/हैं ?

Read this question in English

Consider the following statements regarding World Toilet Organization:

1. It is one of the agencies of the United Nations.

2. World Toilet Summit, World Toilet Day and World Toilet College are the initiatives of this organization, to inspire action to tackle the global sanitation crisis.

3. The main focus of its function is to grant funds to the least developed countries and developing countries to achieve the end of open defecation.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 2 only · (b) 3 only · (c) 1 and 2 · (d) 2 and 3

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (a) केवल 2

The World Toilet Organization is a Singapore-based non-profit founded by Jack Sim on 19 November 2001, not a UN body. It started World Toilet Day, the World Toilet Summit and the World Toilet College, and it works by advocacy, training and local sanitation markets rather than by handing out grants to countries.

✗ 1. WTO describes itself as a global non-profit registered in Singapore. The UN adopted its 19 November day as UN World Toilet Day in 2013 through a resolution Singapore sponsored, but that did not make WTO a UN agency.
✓ 2. WTO launched World Toilet Day and the World Toilet Summit in 2001 and the World Toilet College in 2005, all to push sanitation up the global agenda.
✗ 3. Its work is lobbying, education and training, and helping local sanitation businesses (for example through SaniShop); it is not a funding agency that gives grants to poorer countries.

Remember · World Toilet Organization: Singapore non-profit, founded 19 Nov 2001 by Jack Sim. Started World Toilet Day (UN-recognised 2013), World Toilet Summit (2001), World Toilet College (2005).

Sources

United Nations (DESA / UN-Water), World Toilet Day 2015 concept note: background ↗ “The 2015 World Toilet Day (WTD) at the United Nations (UN) is an initiative of the Singapore Government and a Singapore NGO, the World Toilet Organisation.”
United Nations, World Toilet Day: Background ↗ “World Toilet Day is coordinated by UN-Water, the United Nations inter-agency coordination mechanism on water and sanitation.”
World Toilet Organization: About Us (history) ↗ · reference work “WTO established World Toilet Day and the World Toilet Summit in 2001; this was followed by the World Toilet College in 2005. … World Toilet Organization (WTO) is a global non-profit committed to improving toilet and sanitation conditions worldwide. WTO empowers individuals through education, training and building local marketplace opportunities”
World Toilet Organization: Our Movement ↗ · reference work “19 November was officially recognised as UN World Toilet Day on July 24, 2013, the result of our relentless commitment to raising awareness on the sanitation crisis and a resolution sponsored by the Singapore government on our behalf.”

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2024, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 1 Oct 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2024 · Q26

X-Ray · Core #12 Medium

निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा “100 मिलियन किसानों” का सही विवरण है ?

Read this question in English

Which one of the following is the correct description of "100 Million Farmers"?

(a) It is a platform for accelerating the transition towards food and water systems that are net-zero (carbon), nature-positive and that aims to increase farmer resilience. · (b) It is an international alliance and a network of individuals and farming organisations interested in supporting and strengthening the development of the organic animal husbandry. · (c) It is a digital platform fully integrated with service providers and built on blockchain that lets buyers, sellers and third parties trade fertilizers quickly and securely. · (d) It is a platform with the mission of encouraging the farmers to form Farmer Product Organisations or Agribusiness Consortiums, thus facilitating the access to global open markets to sell their products.

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (a) यह नेट-शून्य (कार्बन), प्रकृति-सकारात्मक खाद्य और जल प्रणालियों की ओर संक्रमण को तेज़ करने के लिए एक मंच है जिसका लक्ष्य किसानों की पुनरुत्थानशीलता में वृद्धि करना है ।

100 Million Farmers is a World Economic Forum platform, launched in 2021, that brings companies, governments, farmer groups and financiers together to shift food and water systems to net-zero, nature-positive farming by 2030 while making farmers more resilient. The name refers to its goal of reaching 100 million farmers.

✓ (a) The WEF describes it as a multi-stakeholder platform for net-zero, nature-positive food systems by 2030 that backs local solutions, farmer incentives and resilience, including through regenerative and climate-smart practices.
✗ (b) An international network devoted to organic animal husbandry is a different body; 100 Million Farmers deals with climate and nature outcomes across farming, not organic livestock specifically.
✗ (d) Organising farmers into producer organisations for market access is a common policy tool, but it is not the purpose of this WEF climate-and-nature platform.

Remember · 100 Million Farmers = World Economic Forum platform (2021) for net-zero, nature-positive food and water systems and farmer resilience by 2030.

Sources

World Economic Forum: 100 Million Farmers, Breakthrough Models for Financing a Sustainability Transition (Insight Report, January 2024) ↗ · reference work “This implementation is part of the 100 Million Farmers platform, which accelerates sustainable agri-food practices and supports private and public sector leaders in collective action efforts that position food and farmers as central pillars of the global climate and nature agenda.”
Sustainability Magazine: 100 Million Farmers, the move to net-zero (2 May 2021) ↗ · reference work “The World Economic Forum has announced 100 Million Farmers, a platform moving towards “ Net-zero and nature-positive food systems by 2030 , ” which encourages “local solutions” as well as empowering farmers.”

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2024, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2024 · Q59

X-Ray · Core #33 Medium

निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :

1.भारत इंटरनेशनल ग्रेन्स काउन्सिल का सदस्य है ।
2.चावल और गेहूँ के निर्यात या आयात के लिए किसी देश को इंटरनेशनल ग्रेन्स काउन्सिल का सदस्य होना आवश्यक है ।

उपर्युक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/कौन-से सही है/हैं ?

Read this question in English

Consider the following statements:

1. India is a member of the International Grains Council.

2. A country needs to be a member of the International Grains Council for exporting or importing rice and wheat.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only · (b) 2 only · (c) Both 1 and 2 · (d) Neither 1 nor 2

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (a) केवल 1

Only the first statement holds: India is one of the countries that make up the International Grains Council (IGC). The second fails, because the IGC is a forum for co-operation, information-sharing and market transparency, and belonging to it is not a condition for exporting or importing rice or wheat.

✓ 1. The IGC lists India among the parties to the Grains Trade Convention, 1995, which make up its membership. India was moved in 2003 from the list of importing members to the list of exporters.
✗ 2. The IGC seeks to further co-operation in grains trade and improve market transparency through information-sharing and analysis. It does not license trade, so non-members can still export or import grains.

Remember · India is an IGC member (Grains Trade Convention, 1995); the IGC promotes grain market transparency and does not control who may trade.

Sources

International Grains Council: About Us ↗ “Membership of the IGC consists of all the parties to the Grains Trade Convention, 1995 (GTC): Algeria Argentina Australia Canada Côte d'Ivoire Cuba European Union India Iran (Islamic Rep.) … These objectives are sought by improving market transparency through information-sharing, analysis and consultation on market and policy developments.”
PIB (Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution), 17 July 2003: India rated as foodgrains exporter by IGC ↗ “The International Grains Council (IGC) has included India in the list of exporting countries from the list of its importing members.”

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2024, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2024 · Q87

X-Ray · Core #57 Medium

निम्नलिखित युग्मों पर विचार कीजिए :

	देश	समाचार में रहने का कारण
1.	अर्जेंटीना	सबसे खराब आर्थिक संकट
2.	सूडान	देश की नियमित सेना और अर्धसैनिक बलों के मध्य युद्ध
3.	तुर्की	NATO की अपनी सदस्यता निरस्त कर दी

उपर्युक्त युग्मों में से कितने सही सुमेलित हैं ?

Read this question in English

Consider the following pairs:

1. Argentina — Worst economic crisis

2. Sudan — War between the country's regular army and paramilitary forces

3. Turkey — Rescinded its membership of NATO

How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

(a) Only one pair · (b) Only two pairs · (c) All three pairs · (d) None of the pairs

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (b) केवल दो युग्म

Pairs 1 and 2 are correct. Argentina was in a deep economic crisis in 2023-24, and Sudan has been at war since April 2023 between its army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces. Turkey did not leave NATO: it has been a member since 1952 and is on NATO's list of 32 members in 2024.

✓ 1. Argentina's economy was in deep crisis around 2023-24. The IMF describes elevated and rising inflation, depleted reserves and high poverty as the inheritance of the new government, and an economy pushed to the brink of a full-blown balance of payments crisis.
✓ 2. Since 15 April 2023 the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) have been fighting the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), a conflict that has displaced millions.
✗ 3. Turkey (Türkiye) joined NATO on 18 February 1952 and remained a member. NATO's page of member countries, updated 11 March 2024, lists Türkiye among its 32 members.

Remember · Sudan: army (SAF) versus paramilitary RSF since April 2023. Argentina: deep economic crisis in 2023-24. Turkey stayed in NATO, a member since 1952.

Sources

IMF Country Report No. 24/37, Argentina (2024) ↗ “Inconsistent policies and mismanagement of the drought pushed the Argentine economy to the brink of a full-blown balance of payments crisis.”
Sudan emergency, UNHCR ↗ · reference work “Deadly armed conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in Sudan and the resumption of inter-communal violence in the Darfur region has forced millions of people from their homes.”
NATO member countries (updated 11 March 2024), nato.int ↗ “Three years after the signing of the Washington Treaty, on 18 February 1952, Greece and Türkiye joined NATO.”

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2024, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2024 · Q96

X-Ray · Core #3 Medium

निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :

कथन-I: हाल ही में, यूरोपीय संसद ने द नेट-ज़ीरो इंडस्ट्री ऐक्ट को मंजूरी दी ।
कथन-II: यूरोपीय संघ वर्ष 2040 तक कार्बन तटस्थता (न्यूट्रालिटी) प्राप्त करने का आशय रखता है और इसलिए उसका लक्ष्य उस समय तक अपनी सभी स्वच्छ प्रौद्योगिकी विकसित करना है ।

उपर्युक्त कथनों के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा सही है ?

Read this question in English

Consider the following statements:

Statement-I. The European Parliament approved The Net-Zero Industry Act recently.

Statement-II. The European Union intends to achieve carbon neutrality by 2040 and therefore aims to develop all of its own clean technology by that time.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

(a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I · (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I · (c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect · (d) Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (c) कथन-I सही है, किंतु कथन-II सही नहीं है

Statement-I is correct: the European Parliament approved the Net-Zero Industry Act on 25 April 2024. Statement-II is wrong on two counts. The EU's goal is net-zero emissions by 2050, not 2040, and the Act aims for the EU to produce about 40% of its own annual needs for net-zero technologies by 2030, not all of them.

✓ Statement-I The European Parliament adopted the Act on 25 April 2024 by 361 votes to 121, with 45 abstentions. At that stage the Council still had to adopt it formally for it to become law.
✗ Statement-II The EU's climate target is a 55% cut in net emissions by 2030 and net-zero by 2050. The Act sets a target of 40% of annual deployment needs for net-zero technologies to be produced in Europe by 2030. It does not aim at making all clean technology in the EU.

Remember · EU Net-Zero Industry Act (Parliament vote 25 April 2024): target 40% of annual deployment needs of net-zero technologies made in the EU by 2030; EU climate neutrality target is 2050.

Sources

MEPs adopt plans to boost Europe's Net-Zero technology production (European Parliament press release, 25 April 2024) ↗ “On Thursday, Parliament approved the Net-Zero industry Act to bolster EU production in technologies needed for decarbonisation. … sets a target for Europe to produce 40% of its annual deployment needs in net-zero technologies by 2030”
Net Zero Industry Act: boosting clean technologies in Europe (European Parliament) ↗ “In 2030 net greenhouse gas emissions must be down by 55 percent as compared to 1990 levels, while by 2050, net emissions must come down to zero.”

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2024, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

The Syllabus X-Ray of this topic

5 of its 5 sub-topics are Core

5 Core · 0 High · 0 Steady · 0 Rare

Core #5United Nations & its agencies · 15 questions
Core #12Global & economic groupings: G20, BRICS, QUAD · 11 questions
Core #30Treaties, regimes & export controls · 8 questions
Core #33Financial & trade institutions · 8 questions
Core #53Regional groupings: SAARC, BIMSTEC, ASEAN, SCO · 6 questions

The X-Ray ranks all 928 sub-topics of the UPSC syllabus by what UPSC has asked since 2016. The 60 Prelims Core sub-topics are behind 51% of Prelims questions.

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