निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :
एक संकल्पना के रूप में मानव पूँजी निर्माण की बेहतर व्याख्या उस प्रक्रिया के रूप में की जाती है, जिसके द्वारा
- 1.किसी देश के व्यक्ति अधिक पूँजी का संचय कर पाते हैं ।
- 2.देश के लोगों के ज्ञान, कौशल स्तरों और क्षमताओं में वृद्धि हो पाती है ।
- 3.गोचर धन का संचय हो पाता है ।
- 4.अगोचर धन का संचय हो पाता है ।
उपर्युक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं ?
Read this question in English
Consider the following statements:
Human capital formation as a concept is better explained in terms of a process which enables
1. individuals of a country to accumulate more capital.
2. increasing the knowledge, skill levels and capacities of the people of the country.
3. accumulation of tangible wealth.
4. accumulation of intangible wealth.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 · (b) 2 only · (c) 2 and 4 · (d) 1, 3 and 4
उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English
Answer: (c) 2 और 4
Human capital formation means building up the knowledge, skills and capacities of people, and what is built is intangible. So statements 2 and 4 describe it, while accumulating capital or tangible wealth describes physical capital.
- ✗ 1. Accumulating more capital, in the sense of money or assets, is physical capital formation. Human capital formation is about improving people themselves.
- ✓ 2. Human capital is the specialised skills, knowledge and abilities that people bring to work. Investment in education, health and training raises them.
- ✗ 3. Tangible wealth such as machines or buildings is physical capital, which can be sold in the market like a commodity.
- ✓ 4. Human capital is intangible: it is built into the body and mind of its owner and cannot be separated from that person.
Remember · Physical capital is tangible and separable from its owner. Human capital (skills, knowledge, health) is intangible and inseparable from its owner.
📘 Read it in NCERT: Class 11 Indian Economic Development, Ch 4 (practise this chapter) · Class 8 Exploring Society: India and Beyond (Part 1), Ch 7 (practise this chapter)
Sources
- NCERT Class 11 · Indian Economic Development, Chapter 4 “Physical capital is tangible and can be easily sold in the market like any other commodity. Human capital is intangible; it is endogenously built in the body and mind of its owner.”
- NCERT Class 8 · Exploring Society: India and Beyond (Part 1), Chapter 7 “human capital refers to the specialised skills, knowledge, abilities and expertise required to perform that labour.”
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2018, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). ·