उपर्युक्त परिच्छेद के आधार पर, निम्नलिखित पूर्वधारणाएँ बनाई गई हैं :
- 1.पेटेंट कराने वालों को दिए गए पेटेंट संरक्षण के कारण, पेटेंट वाली दवाएँ सुलभ करने में जनसाधारण की क्रय शक्ति पर भारी बोझ पड़ता है ।
- 2.औषधीय उत्पादों के लिए अन्य देशों पर निर्भरता, विकासशील और ग़रीब देशों के लिए भारी बोझ है ।
- 3.अनेक देशों में लोक-स्वास्थ्य नीति अभिकल्पित करने के दौरान, जनसाधारण को खर्च वहन करने योग्य कीमतों पर दवाएँ उपलब्ध कराना मुख्य लक्ष्य होता है ।
- 4.सरकार के लिए यह आवश्यक है कि वह पेटेंट कराने वालों के अधिकारों और रोगियों की आवश्यकताओं के बीच उपयुक्त संतुलन बनाए ।
उपर्युक्त पूर्वधारणाओं में से कौन-कौन सी वैध हैं ?
Read this question in English
Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1. Patent protection given to patentees puts a huge burden on public's purchasing power in accessing patented medicines.
2. Dependence on other countries for pharmaceutical products is a huge burden for developing and poor countries.
3. Providing medicines to the public at affordable prices is a key goal during the public health policy design in many countries.
4. Governments need to find an appropriate balance between the rights of patentees and the requirements of the patients.
Which of the above assumptions are valid?
(a) 1 and 2 · (b) 1 and 4 · (c) 3 and 4 · (d) 2 and 3
उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English
Answer: (b) 1 और 4
Patents let firms set high prices that may be unaffordable, justified as a return on innovation that benefits the public later. This assumes a real burden on buyers of patented medicines and a need for governments to balance patentees' rights with patients' needs.
- ✓ 1. Prices during the monopoly 'could be unaffordable to the public' and the benefit 'comes at a cost ... of higher prices' — a burden on buyers.
- ✗ 2. Dependence on other countries for medicines is not discussed.
- ✗ 3. How countries design public health policy is outside the passage, which only describes the patent trade-off.
- ✓ 4. The patentee's 'legitimate mechanism to get returns' stands against prices the public may not afford; resolving this tension calls for a balance.
Remember · Assumptions come from tensions inside the passage; reject statements about topics (imports, policy design) it never touches.
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper II (2023, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). ·