इस परिच्छेद के सन्दर्भ में, निम्नलिखित पूर्वधारणाएँ बनाई गई हैं :
- 1.केवल वे प्रजातियाँ जीवित रहेंगी और कायम रहेंगी जिनमें पर्यावरणीय महाविपत्ति से पार पाने की क्षमता होगी।
- 2.पर्यावरण में उग्र परिवर्तनों के कारण पृथ्वी पर 90% से अधिक प्रजातियाँ विलुप्त हो जाने के खतरे में हैं।
- 3.डार्विन का सिद्धांत सभी प्राकृतिक घटनाओं की व्याख्या करता है।
उपर्युक्त पूर्वधारणाओं में से कौन-सा/से वैध है/हैं?
Read this question in English
With reference to the passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1. Only species that have the ability to overcome environmental catastrophes will survive and perpetuate.
2. More than 90% of the species on the earth are in the danger of getting extinct due to drastic changes in the environment.
3. Darwin’s theory explains all the natural phenomena.
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
(a) 1 only · (b) 1 and 2 only · (c) 3 only · (d) 1, 2 and 3
उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English
Answer: (a) केवल 1
The passage implies that only species able to overcome environmental adversity survive. The 90% figure is about species that ever lived and are now extinct, not present species at risk, and the passage never claims Darwin’s theory explains all natural phenomena.
- ✓ 1. Extinction is “the extinction of those species which cannot overcome environmental adversity”; so only those that can overcome it survive and carry on.
- ✗ 2. Misreads the figure: “more than 90% of species that have ever lived on the earth are now extinct” is about the past, not about present species being in danger.
- ✗ 3. Overreach: Darwinian laws are compared with the laws of Copernicus, Galileo, Newton and Einstein that “explain natural phenomena”; the passage does not say Darwin’s theory explains all of them.
Remember · Check what a statistic actually counts; wrong options often shift its time frame or the group it covers.
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper II (2022, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). ·