इस परिच्छेद के अनुसार, निम्नलिखित में से कौन-से वन-आच्छादन में आए ह्रास के परिणाम हैं?
- 1.उपरिमृदा की हानि
- 2.अपेक्षाकृत छोटी नदियों की हानि
- 3.कृषि उत्पादन पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव
- 4.भौमजल की हानि
नीचे दिए गए कूट का प्रयोग कर सही उत्तर चुनिए।
Read this question in English
According to the passage, which of the following are the consequences of decline in forest cover?
1. Loss of topsoil
2. Loss of smaller rivers
3. Adverse effect on agricultural production
4. Declining of groundwater
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only · (b) 2, 3 and 4 only · (c) 1 and 4 only · (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English
Answer: (d) 1, 2, 3 और 4
The passage traces a chain from forest loss to erosion, drying springs and rivers, altered water availability and finally falling food, fodder and fuel-wood yields. Each of the four statements is a link in that chain.
- ✓ 1. Deforestation brings 'soil and nutrient losses' through 'erosive losses', and soil degradation is named among the ultimate consequences.
- ✓ 2. 'drying up of the underground springs and smaller rivers in the Himalayan region' is attributed to drastic changes in forest cover.
- ✓ 3. The ultimate consequences include 'decline in food, fodder and fuel-wood yields', and the Assam example shows lost tea productivity.
- ✓ 4. Falling moisture retention of mountain soils, drying underground springs and 'alteration in available water' point to declining groundwater.
Remember · In 'consequences' questions, follow the passage's causal chain to its end; indirect and ultimate consequences count too.
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper II (2018, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). ·