आनुवंशिक चिकित्सा (जेनेटिक मेडिसिन) के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा/कौन-से कथन सही है/हैं ?
- 1.आनुवंशिक चिकित्सा, रोग के लिए उत्तरदायी ख़राब जीन को सही करती है/की कमी को पूरा करती है।
- 2.निर्मित विषाणुओं (engineered viruses) और लिपिड नैनोकणों का प्रयोग आनुवंशिक चिकित्सा के वाहक के रूप में किया जाता है।
- 3.आनुवंशिक चिकित्सा संपूर्ण डीएनए (DNA) अनुक्रम को बदल देती है।
नीचे दिए गए कूट का प्रयोग कर उत्तर चुनिए :
Read this question in English
Which of the following statements with regard to genetic medicine is/are correct?
1. Genetic medicines correct/compensate for the faulty genes responsible for disease.
2. Engineered viruses and lipid nanoparticles are used as carriers of the genetic medicine.
3. Genetic medicines alter the entire DNA sequence.
Select the answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only · (b) 2 and 3 only · (c) 1 and 2 only · (d) 1, 2 and 3
उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English
Answer: (c) केवल 1 और 2
Genetic medicines work at the level of a faulty gene: they supply a working copy, replace the defective gene or give cells instructions. They need a carrier to get into cells, and engineered viruses and lipid bubbles are the usual ones. They do not rewrite the whole DNA sequence.
- ✓ 1. Gene therapy delivers a normal gene to take over the work of, and compensate for, a non-functional gene. Adding a healthy copy or replacing a defective gene is the standard approach.
- ✓ 2. Viral vectors are the classic carrier: NCERT's example uses a retroviral vector to put a working gene into a patient's lymphocytes. Lipid or fat bubbles are the other carrier, as in mRNA vaccines, where they surround the mRNA.
- ✗ 3. Genetic medicines target a gene or its message, not the whole DNA sequence. Gene therapy adds or replaces a defective gene, and a synthetic mRNA cannot alter DNA at all.
Remember · Genetic medicine (gene therapy, mRNA medicines): fixes or compensates for a faulty gene, using carriers such as engineered viruses or lipid nanoparticles. It never rewrites the whole genome.
📘 Read it in NCERT: Class 12 Biology, Ch 10 (practise this chapter) · Class 12 Biology, Ch 10 (practise this chapter)
Sources
- NCERT Class 12 · Biology, Chapter 10 “Correction of a genetic defect involves delivery of a normal gene into the individual or embryo to take over the function of and compensate for the non-functional gene.”
- NCERT Class 12 · Biology, Chapter 10 “A functional ADA cDNA (using a retroviral vector) is then introduced into these lymphocytes, which are subsequently returned to the patient.”
- NHGRI (NIH), Understanding COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines ↗ “mRNA vaccines do not contain viral material. Instead, these vaccines contain lipid or fat bubbles that surround a segment of mRNA, which provide cells with the instructions to make a certain viral protein.”
- NHGRI (NIH), Talking Glossary: Gene Therapy ↗ “Often, gene therapy works by adding new copies of a gene that is broken, or by replacing a defective or missing gene in a patient’s cells with a healthy version of that gene.”
Question and answer: UPSC's provisional GS Paper I (2026, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·