भारतीय इतिहास के सन्दर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :
- 1.भारत पर पहला मंगोल आक्रमण जलालुद्दीन खिलज़ी के राज्यकाल में हुआ ।
- 2.अलाउद्दीन खिलज़ी के राज्य-काल में, एक मंगोल आक्रमण दिल्ली तक आ पहुँचा और उस शहर पर घेरा डाल दिया ।
- 3.मुहम्मद-बिन-तुगलक मंगोलों से अपने राज्य के कुछ उत्तरी-पश्चिमी भाग अस्थायी रूप से हार गया था ।
उपर्युक्त कथनों में कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं ?
Read this question in English
With reference to Indian history, consider the following statements:
1. The first Mongol invasion of India happened during the reign of Jalal-ud-din Khalji.
2. During the reign of Ala-ud-din Khalji, one Mongol assault marched up to Delhi and besieged the city.
3. Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq temporarily lost portions of north-west of his kingdom to Mongols.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 · (b) 2 only · (c) 1 and 3 · (d) 3 only
उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English
Answer: (b) केवल 2
Only statement 2 is correct: in 1303 a Mongol army besieged Delhi itself during Ala-ud-din Khalji's reign. Mongol attacks on the Sultanate had begun in Iltutmish's time, long before Jalal-ud-din Khalji, and the sources do not record Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq losing north-western territory to them.
- ✗ 1. The Mongols under Genghis Khan reached the Sultanate's frontier in the 13th century, during Iltutmish's reign (1211-36). Jalal-ud-din Khalji (1290-96) came much later and is remembered for defeating a large Mongol force.
- ✓ 2. The Chagatai Mongols pushed beyond the Punjab and Delhi endured a two-month siege in 1303, after which Ala-ud-din fortified the capital and built up a large army.
- ✗ 3. NCERT notes that Mongol attacks continued in the early years of Muhammad Tughluq's rule, but none of the cited sources says he lost north-western territory to them.
Remember · Mongols first reached the Sultanate under Iltutmish; Delhi itself was besieged in 1303 under Ala-ud-din Khalji, who answered with a large standing army.
Sources
- Encyclopaedia Britannica: India, The Khaljis ↗ · reference work “Following their occupation of Afghanistan, the Chagatai Mongols began to penetrate well beyond the Punjab, necessitating a comprehensive defense program for the sultanate, including the capital, Delhi, which underwent a two-month siege in 1303. … Jalāl al-Dīn suppressed a revolt by some of Balban’s officers, led an unsuccessful expedition against Ranthambhor, and defeated a substantial Mongol force on the banks of the Sind River in central India.”
- Encyclopaedia Britannica: Iltutmish ↗ · reference work “Iltutmish was able to preserve his kingdom against the ravages of the Mongol invasions that coincided with his reign”
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2022, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 1 Oct 2026 (how we verify). ·