भारतीय इतिहास के सन्दर्भ में, निम्नलिखित युग्मों पर विचार कीजिए :
| ऐतिहासिक व्यक्ति | किस रूप में जाने गए | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | आर्यदेव | जैन विद्वान |
| 2. | दिग्नाग | बौद्ध विद्वान |
| 3. | नाथमुनि | वैष्णव विद्वान |
उपर्युक्त युग्मों में से कितने युग्म सही सुमेलित हैं ?
Read this question in English
With reference to Indian history, consider the following pairs:
1. Aryadeva — Jaina scholar
2. Dignaga — Buddhist scholar
3. Nathamuni — Vaishnava scholar
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?
(a) None of the pairs · (b) Only one pair · (c) Only two pairs · (d) All three pairs
उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English
Answer: (c) केवल दो युग्म
Two pairs are correct: Dignaga was a Buddhist logician and Nathamuni a Vaishnava (Shrivaishnava) teacher. Aryadeva was a Buddhist, a disciple of Nagarjuna, not a Jaina.
- ✗ 1. Aryadeva was a Mahayana Buddhist philosopher, the disciple of Nagarjuna, who with him is credited with founding the Madhyamaka school; he was not a Jaina.
- ✓ 2. Dignaga (c. 480-540 CE) was a Buddhist logician whose Pramanasamuccaya laid the foundations of Buddhist logic.
- ✓ 3. Nathamuni (10th century), the first acharya of the Shrivaishnava sect, gathered the hymns of the Alvars and had them sung in Vaishnava temples.
Remember · Aryadeva: Buddhist (Madhyamaka, Nagarjuna's disciple). Dignaga: Buddhist logic. Nathamuni: Shrivaishnava, collected the Alvars' hymns.
Sources
- India Science Heritage (Government of India): Nagarjuna ↗ “Along with his disciple Aryadeva, he is credited with founding the Madhyamaka school of Mahayana Buddhism.”
- Encyclopaedia Britannica: Dignaga ↗ · reference work “Dignāga (born c. 480 ce —died c. 540) was a Buddhist logician and author of the Pramāṇasamuccaya (“Compendium of the Means of True Knowledge”), a work that laid the foundations of Buddhist logic.”
- Central Institute of Buddhist Studies, Leh: Dialectical System ↗ · reference work “introduced Buddhist Logics or Dialectical System for analytical study of Buddhism in his book named”
- Encyclopaedia Britannica: Alvar ↗ · reference work “The hymns of the Alvars were gathered in the 10th century by Nathamuni, a leader of the Shrivaishnava sect, who introduced the regular singing of the hymns in Vaishnava temples of South India.”
- IGNOU (eGyankosh), Unit 22: Socio-Religious Movements ↗ · reference work “Nathamuni introduced the Nalayira Divya Prabandham, i.e. the hymns of the Alvars as a part of the ritual singing in the temples.”
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2022, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 1 Oct 2026 (how we verify). ·