भारत के संदर्भ में ‘हल्बी, हो और कुई’ पद किससे संबंधित हैं?
Read this question in English
With reference to India, the terms 'Halbi, Ho and Kui' pertain to
(a) dance forms of Northwest India · (b) musical instruments · (c) pre-historic cave paintings · (d) tribal languages
उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English
Answer: (d) जनजातीय भाषा
Halbi, Ho and Kui are tribal languages. In the Census of India's classification Halbi (spelt 'Halabi') is an Indo-Aryan language, Ho belongs to the Austro-Asiatic family and Kui to the Dravidian family.
- ✗ (a) None of the three is a dance form; the Census lists all three among India's languages and mother tongues.
- ✗ (b) They are not musical instruments; Census C-16 lists them as languages.
- ✗ (c) They are not cave-painting traditions; they are living languages spoken by communities.
- ✓ (d) Halbi, Ho and Kui are languages spoken chiefly by tribal communities, and state education programmes have used Halbi and Kui (with Gondi, Saora and Santali) for early schooling.
Remember · Halbi (Indo-Aryan), Ho (Austro-Asiatic) and Kui (Dravidian) are tribal languages, not dances, instruments or paintings.
Sources
- Census of India 2011, Paper 1 of 2018, Language: India, States and Union Territories (Table C-16), Statement 9: Indo-Aryan family listing ↗ “1. Assamese (S), 2. Bengali(S), 3. Bhili/Bhilodi, 4. Bishnupuriya, 5. Dogri(S) 6. Gujarati(S), 7. Halabi, 8. Hindi(S), 9. Kashmiri(S), 10. Khandeshi,11. Konkani(S) … 10. Kui, 11. Kurukh/Oraon, 12. Malayalam(S), 13. Malto, 14. Parji, 15. Tamil(S), 16. Telugu(S), 17.Tulu. 3. AUSTRO-ASIATIC 1. Bhumij, 2. Gadaba, 3. Ho,”
- NCERT, Journal of Indian Education (ejournals.ncert.gov.in): tribal languages in primary education ↗ “Odisha has implemented MTB-MLE programmes in over 1,500 schools using languages such as Kui, Saora, and Santali (Mohanty, 2019, p. 108). Chhattisgarh has piloted primers in Gondi and Halbi”
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2021, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 1 Oct 2026 (how we verify). ·