निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :
अन्य बातें अपरिवर्तित रहने पर भी किसी वस्तु के लिए बाजार माँग बढ़ सकती है, यदि
- 1.इसकी स्थानापन्न वस्तु की कीमत में वृद्धि हो
- 2.इसकी पूरक वस्तु की कीमत में वृद्धि हो
- 3.वस्तु घटिया किस्म की है और उपभोक्ताओं की आय में वृद्धि होती है
- 4.इसकी कीमत घटती है
उपर्युक्त कथनों में से कौन-से सही हैं?
Read this question in English
Consider the following statements:
Other things remaining unchanged, market demand for a good might increase if
1. price of its substitute increases
2. price of its complement increases
3. the good is an inferior good and income of the consumers increases
4. its price falls
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 4 only · (b) 2, 3 and 4 · (c) 1, 3 and 4 · (d) 1, 2 and 3
उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English
Answer: (a) केवल 1 और 4
Demand for a good rises when a substitute gets dearer and when its own price falls. A dearer complement and higher income for an inferior good both push demand down.
- ✓ 1. If coffee becomes costlier, buyers switch to tea, its substitute, so demand for tea goes up.
- ✗ 2. Complements are used together (tea and sugar), so a rise in the complement's price reduces demand for the good.
- ✗ 3. By definition, demand for an inferior good such as coarse cereals falls as consumers' income rises and they shift to better goods.
- ✓ 4. The law of demand: other things equal, a lower price raises the quantity demanded.
Remember · Demand rises with: dearer substitute, cheaper complement, own price falling, and (for normal goods) higher income. Inferior goods reverse the income effect.
📘 Read it in NCERT: Class 12 Introductory Microeconomics, Ch 2 (practise this chapter) · Class 12 Introductory Microeconomics, Ch 2 (practise this chapter) · Class 12 Introductory Microeconomics, Ch 2 (practise this chapter) · Class 12 Introductory Microeconomics, Ch 2 (practise this chapter)
Sources
- NCERT Class 12 · Introductory Microeconomics, Chapter 2 “Since tea is a substitute for coffee, if the price of coffee increases, the consumers can shift to tea, and hence, the consumption of tea is likely to go up.”
- NCERT Class 12 · Introductory Microeconomics, Chapter 2 “In general, the demand for a good moves in the opposite direction of the price of its complementary goods.”
- NCERT Class 12 · Introductory Microeconomics, Chapter 2 “The demand for an inferior good decreases (increases) as the income of the consumer increases (decreases).”
- NCERT Class 12 · Introductory Microeconomics, Chapter 2 “Law of Demand states that other things being equal, there is a negative relation between demand for a commodity and its price.”
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2021, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). ·