वर्तमान में भारत के अंतर्राष्ट्रीय व्यापार के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा/से कथन सही है/हैं ?
- 1.भारत के माल का निर्यात, माल के आयात से कम है ।
- 2.भारत के लोहे व इस्पात, रसायनों, उर्वरकों और मशीनों के आयात में हाल के वर्षों में कमी आयी है ।
- 3.भारत की सेवाओं का निर्यात, सेवाओं के आयात से अधिक है ।
- 4.भारत को कुल मिलाकर व्यापार/चालू खाते का घाटा हो रहा है ।
नीचे दिए गए कूट का प्रयोग कर सही उत्तर चुनिए :
Read this question in English
With reference to the international trade of India at present, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. India's merchandise exports are less than its merchandise imports.
2. India's imports of iron and steel, chemicals, fertilisers and machinery have decreased in recent years.
3. India's exports of services are more than its imports of services.
4. India suffers from an overall trade/current account deficit.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only · (b) 2 and 4 only · (c) 3 only · (d) 1, 3 and 4 only
उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English
UPSC dropped this question from evaluation in its final answer key.
UPSC dropped this question from evaluation in its final answer key. The facts behind it: India normally imports more goods than it exports (a merchandise trade deficit), earns more from services than it pays for them (a services surplus led by software), and usually runs a current account deficit overall, though that turned into a surplus in the pandemic period of 2020.
- ✓ 1. India has a long-standing merchandise trade deficit: goods imports exceed goods exports (Economic Survey 2019-20 puts it at about 6 per cent of GDP in 2014-19 and the largest component of the current account deficit).
- • 2. UPSC dropped this question; we could not confirm this claim from an official source, so we do not explain it here.
- ✓ 3. India runs a net services surplus, which Economic Survey 2019-20 says has been significantly financing the merchandise trade deficit; software services make up the bulk of service exports (around 40-45 per cent).
- • 4. A current account deficit is India's usual position, but the current account moved to a small surplus in Q4 2019-20 and a larger one in H1 2020-21, so 'at present' was open to dispute in 2020.
Remember · India: goods trade in deficit, services trade in surplus, current account normally in deficit but in surplus during the 2020 pandemic slump.
Sources
- Ministry of Finance, Economic Survey 2019-20, Vol. 2, Ch 3 (External Sector): merchandise trade deficit (Internet Archive copy) ↗ “Merchandise trade deficit is the largest component of India’s current account deficit … The surplus on net services has been significantly financing the merchandise trade deficit. … Software services constitute the bulk of it at around 40-45 per cent, followed by business services at about 18-20 per cent … dependence on net FPI to finance the CAD was less in 2014-19 at 17.1 per cent as compared to 45.6 per cent in 2009-14”
- RBI, Financial Stability Report, January 2021 ↗ “With the weakening of domestic demand in H1:2020-21, the current account surplus increased to 3.1 per cent of GDP (0.1 per cent in Q4:2019-20).”
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2020, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 1 Oct 2026 (how we verify). ·