उपर्युक्त परिच्छेद के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित पूर्वधारणाएँ बनाई गई हैं :
- 1.भारत अपनी त्रुटिपूर्ण शिक्षा प्रणाली के कारण तत्त्वतः विकासशील देश बना हुआ है।
- 2.आज के शिक्षार्थियों के लिए नए युग के कौशल-समूह प्राप्त करना आवश्यक है।
- 3.काफी संख्या में भारतीय शिक्षा प्राप्त करने के लिए कुछ विकसित देशों में जाते हैं क्योंकि वहाँ की शिक्षा प्रणालियाँ उन समाजों का पूर्ण प्रतिबिम्ब है जिनमें वे कार्य करती हैं।
उपर्युक्त में से कौन-सी पूर्वधारणा/पूर्वधारणाएँ वैध है/हैं?
Read this question in English
With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1. India continues to be a developing country essentially due to its faulty education system.
2. Today’s learners need to acquire new-age skill-sets.
3. A good number of Indians go to some developed countries for education because the educational systems there are a perfect reflection of the societies in which they function.
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
(a) 1 and 3 only · (b) 2 only · (c) 2 and 3 only · (d) 1, 2 and 3
उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English
Answer: (b) केवल 2
India's schools were built to supply a compliant, narrowly skilled workforce for the industrial age, while today's world is complex, volatile and interconnected. The author must assume learners now need new skills; nothing links education to India's development status or to Indians studying abroad.
- ✗ 1. The passage never connects the education system to India remaining a developing country; 'essentially due to' is an unsupported causal claim.
- ✓ 2. Contrasting the industrial age's 'narrow set of capabilities' with today's 'complex, volatile and globally interconnected world' assumes learners need new skills.
- ✗ 3. Indians studying abroad and systems that 'perfectly reflect' their societies lie outside the passage.
Remember · An assumption bridges the author's premise and point; new causes or facts the passage never touches are not assumptions.
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper II (2018, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). ·