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UPSC CSE CSAT 2022 · Paper II (CSAT) · Question 21 · Reading comprehension

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:

UPSC Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination 2022, General Studies Paper II (CSAT), Question 21 — Reading comprehension.

Directions for the following 3 (three) items: Read the following passage and answer the items that follow the passage. Your answers to these items should be based on the passage only.

Passage

In some places in the world, the productivity of staples such as rice and wheat has reached a plateau. Neither new strains nor fancy agrochemicals are raising the yields. Nor is there much unfarmed land left that is suitable to be brought under the plough. If global temperature continues to rise, some places will become unsuitable for farming. Application of technology can help overcome these problems. Agricultural technology is changing fast. Much of this change is brought about by affluent farmers in the West/Americas. Techniques developed in the West are being adapted in some places to make tropical crops more productive. Technology is of little use if it is not adapted. In the developing world, that applies as much to existing farming techniques as it does to the latest advances in genetic modification. Extending to the smallholders and subsistence farmers of Africa and Asia the best of today’s agricultural practices, in such simple matters as how much fertilizers to apply and when, would lead to a greatly increased availability of food for humanity. So would things like better roads and storage facilities, to allow for the carriage of surpluses to markets and reduce wastage.

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:

  1. 1.Development of agricultural technology is confined to developed countries.
  2. 2.Agricultural technology is not adapted in developing countries.

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2

The passage says “much” of the change comes from affluent farmers in the West — not all of it — and that Western techniques “are being adapted in some places”. Both assumptions overstate or contradict the text.

  • ✗ 1. “Much of this change is brought about by affluent farmers in the West/Americas” — much, not all. “Confined to” is too strong.
  • ✗ 2. Contradicted: “Techniques developed in the West are being adapted in some places to make tropical crops more productive.”

Remember · Assumptions using ‘confined to’, ‘only’ or ‘never’ fail when the passage says ‘much’, ‘some’ or ‘in some places’.

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper II (2022, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). ·

Cite this question: UPSC CSE CSAT 2022, Q21 — minimalistias.com/pyqs/csat/2022/q21

In the UPSC syllabus: Reading comprehension › Inference & assumptions See it and tick it covered →

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