Fundamentals of Physical Geography

With reference to the Earth's atmosphere, which one of the following statements is correct?

1. (a)The total amount of insolation received at the equator is roughly about 10 times of that received at the poles.
2. (b)Infrared rays constitute roughly two-thirds of insolation.
3. (c)Infrared waves are largely absorbed by water vapour that is concentrated in the lower atmosphere.
4. (d)Infrared waves are a part of visible spectrum of electromagnetic waves of solar radiation.

Consider the following statements:

Statement–I:

The temperature contrast between continents and oceans is greater during summer than in winter.

Statement–II:

The specific heat of water is more than that of land surface.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. (a)Both Statement–I and Statement–II are correct and Statement–II is the correct explanation for Statement–I
2. (b)Both Statement–I and Statement–II are correct and Statement–II is not the correct explanation for Statement–I
3. (c)Statement–I is correct but Statement–II is incorrect
4. (d)Statement–I is incorrect but Statement–II is correct

Consider the following statements:

Statement-I:

The atmosphere is heated more by incoming solar radiation than by terrestrial radiation.

Statement-II:

Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are good absorbers of long wave radiation.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. (a)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
2. (b)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
3. (c)Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
4. (d)Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct

Which of the following is/are correct inference/inferences from isothermal maps in the month of January?

1. 1.The isotherms deviate to the north over the ocean and to the south over the continent.
2. 2.The presence of cold ocean currents, Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift make the North Atlantic Ocean colder and the isotherms bend towards the north.

Select the answer using the code given below:

1. (a)1 only
2. (b)2 only
3. (c)Both 1 and 2
4. (d)Neither 1 nor 2

Consider the following statements:

Statement I:

In January, in the Northern Hemisphere, the isotherms bend equatorward while crossing the landmasses, and poleward while crossing the oceans.

Statement II:

In January, the air over the oceans is warmer than that over the landmasses in the Northern Hemisphere.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. (a)Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I
2. (b)Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I
3. (c)Statement I is correct but Statement II is not correct
4. (d)Statement I is not correct but Statement II is correct