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Fundamentals of Physical Geography

Class 11 · Geography

Ch 4 · Distribution of Oceans and Continents

Real UPSC Prelims questions from 2016–2026, linked to this book. Try each one first, then open the answer. 2026 answers follow UPSC's provisional answer key.

Prelims 2018 · Q57

Consider the following statements:

  1. 1.The Earth's magnetic field has reversed every few hundred thousand years.
  2. 2.When the Earth was created more than 4000 million years ago, there was 54% oxygen and no carbon dioxide.
  3. 3.When living organisms originated, they modified the early atmosphere of the Earth.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. (a)1 only
  2. (b)2 and 3 only
  3. (c)1 and 3 only
  4. (d)1, 2 and 3
Show answer

UPSC's answer: (c)

NCERT answers it: Class 11 Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Ch 2 (The Origin and Evolution of the Earth); Class 11 Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Ch 4 (Distribution of Oceans and Continents).

Fundamentals of Physical Geography: the early atmosphere had very little free oxygen, and living things later changed it through photosynthesis (ch 2). The ocean floor shows strips of normal and reversed magnetism (ch 4). So 1 and 3: (c).

Hindi version: UPSC's official question paper (2018), question 57 ↗

Prelims 2025 · Q25

Which of the following are the evidences of the phenomenon of continental drift?

  1. I.The belt of ancient rocks from Brazil coast matches with those from Western Africa.
  2. II.The gold deposits of Ghana are derived from the Brazil plateau when the two continents lay side by side.
  3. III.The Gondwana system of sediments from India is known to have its counterparts in six different landmasses of the Southern Hemisphere.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

  1. (a)I and III only
  2. (b)I and II only
  3. (c)I, II and III
  4. (d)II and III only
Show answer

UPSC's answer: (c)

NCERT answers it: Class 11 Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Ch 4 (Distribution of Oceans and Continents).

Fundamentals of Physical Geography (ch 4) gives all three as evidence of continental drift. They are the matching rock belts of Brazil and West Africa, Ghana's gold from the Brazil plateau, and Gondwana sediments with counterparts in six southern landmasses. So (c).

Hindi version: UPSC's official question paper (2025), question 25 ↗

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