As per Article 368 of the Constitution of India, the Parliament may amend any provision of the Constitution by way of:
- 1.Addition
- 2.Variation
- 3.Repeal
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Answer & explanation
Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Article 368(1) says in so many words that Parliament may, in exercise of its constituent power, amend any provision of the Constitution by way of addition, variation or repeal, following the procedure laid down in that article. All three modes are named, though the Supreme Court has held that the basic structure cannot be altered.
- ✓ 1. Addition is the first mode listed in Article 368(1).
- ✓ 2. Variation, that is changing the existing wording, is the second mode listed.
- ✓ 3. Repeal, that is removing a provision, is the third mode listed.
Remember · Article 368(1): Parliament amends by addition, variation or repeal, through the prescribed procedure. The basic structure (Kesavananda Bharati, 1973) cannot be violated.
📘 Read it in NCERT: Class 11 Indian Constitution at Work, Ch 9 (practise this chapter) · Class 11 Indian Constitution at Work, Ch 6 (practise this chapter)
Sources
- Constitution of India, Article 368(1) ↗ “Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, Parliament may in exercise of its constituent power amend by way of addition, variation or repeal any provision of this Constitution in accordance with the procedure laid down in this article.”
- NCERT Class 11 · Indian Constitution at Work, Chapter 9 “Parliament may in exercise of its constituent power amend by way of addition, variation or repeal any provision of this Constitution in accordance with the procedure laid down in this article.”
- NCERT Class 11 · Indian Constitution at Work, Chapter 6 “In this case, the Court ruled that there is a basic structure of the Constitution and nobody—not even the Parliament (through amendment)—can violate the basic structure.”
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2024, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). ·