Minimalist IAS
Science & technology

Prelims · Science & technology · 32 questions

Defence, nuclear & energy technology

Every UPSC Prelims question on this topic, 2016–2026, newest first. Tap an option to check yourself; the answer and explanation open below it.

Defence, nuclear & energy technology questions per year: 2016: 1, 2017: 1, 2018: 1, 2019: 1, 2020: 1, 2021: 0, 2022: 0, 2023: 2, 2024: 2, 2025: 2, 2026: 4 Asked in 9 of 11 years · most in 2026 (4)

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UPSC syllabus: “General Science.” Sub-topics in the detailed syllabus →

किसी देश के ‘नाभिकीय पूर्तिकर्ता समूह’ के सदस्य बनने का/के क्या परिणाम है/हैं ?

  1. 1.इसकी पहुँच नवीनतम और सबसे कुशल परमाणु प्रौद्योगिकियों तक हो जाएगी ।
  2. 2.यह स्वमेव “नाभिकीय आयुध अप्रसार संधि” (एन.पी.टी.) का सदस्य बन जाता है ।

उपर्युक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं ?

Read this question in English

What is/are the consequence/consequences of a country becoming the member of the 'Nuclear Suppliers Group'?

1. It will have access to the latest and most efficient nuclear technologies.

2. It automatically becomes a member of "The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)".

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only · (b) 2 only · (c) Both 1 and 2 · (d) Neither 1 nor 2

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (a) केवल 1

The NSG is an informal club of nuclear supplier countries that coordinates export controls, so joining it eases a country's access to nuclear trade and technology. It is not a treaty body, and joining it does not by itself make a country a party to the NPT.

  • ✓ 1. NSG participants shape and share the rules of nuclear trade among the main supplier states, which gives them easier access to advanced nuclear technology and equipment.
  • ✗ 2. The NSG was not created by a treaty; it is a voluntary, non-legally binding association. NPT membership comes only by signing and ratifying the NPT itself.

Remember · NSG: voluntary supplier-country group formed 1975 after India's 1974 test; controls nuclear and dual-use exports through two sets of Guidelines; not a treaty, so membership does not mean NPT membership.

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2018, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

भारत के संदर्भ में ‘अंतर्राष्ट्रीय परमाणु ऊर्जा एजेंसी (आई.ए.ई.ए.)’ के ‘अतिरिक्त नयाचार (एडीशनल प्रोटोकॉल)’ का अनुसमर्थन करने का निहितार्थ क्या है ?

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In the Indian context, what is the implication of ratifying the ‘Additional Protocol’ with the ‘International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)’?

(a) The civilian nuclear reactors come under IAEA safeguards. · (b) The military nuclear installations come under the inspection of IAEA. · (c) The country will have the privilege to buy uranium from the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG). · (d) The country automatically becomes a member of the NSG.

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (a) असैनिक परमाणु रिऐक्टर आई.ए.ई.ए. के रक्षोपायों के अधीन आ जाते हैं ।

India's Additional Protocol is attached to its India-specific safeguards agreement with the IAEA, which covers only India's civilian nuclear facilities. So ratifying it means those civilian facilities stay under IAEA safeguards and get wider IAEA access; military installations are left out.

  • ✓ (a) The IAEA Board approved a safeguards agreement with India in 2008 for the application of IAEA safeguards to Indian civilian nuclear facilities. The Additional Protocol to that agreement entered into force on 25 July 2014.
  • ✗ (b) Both the safeguards agreement and its Additional Protocol are titled as covering 'Civilian Nuclear Facilities'. India's military installations are not placed under IAEA inspection.
  • ✗ (c) The Additional Protocol is an arrangement with the IAEA. It does not give India any right to buy uranium from the Nuclear Suppliers Group, which is a separate body.
  • ✗ (d) Ratifying a protocol with the IAEA does not make a country a member of the NSG. NSG membership is a separate matter decided within that group.

Remember · India's Additional Protocol (signed 15 May 2009; in force 25 July 2014) extends IAEA safeguards access to its civilian nuclear facilities only.

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2018, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

कभी-कभी समाचार में उल्लिखित ‘टर्मिनल हाई ऑल्टिट्यूड एरिया डिफेंस (टी.एच.ए.ए.डी.)’ क्या है ?

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What is “Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD)”, sometimes seen in the news?

(a) An Israeli radar system · (b) India’s indigenous anti-missile programme · (c) An American anti-missile system · (d) A defence collaboration between Japan and South Korea

उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English

Answer: (c) अमेरिकी मिसाइल-प्रतिरोधी प्रणाली

THAAD is an American anti-missile system. It is a land-based system of the US Missile Defense Agency and US Army that destroys ballistic missiles in their final (terminal) phase of flight, using hit-to-kill interceptors.

  • ✓ (c) THAAD batteries have a launcher, interceptors, an AN/TPY-2 radar and fire control. They are procured and fielded to the US Army, and the interceptor destroys the warhead by direct impact.
  • ✗ (b) India's own anti-missile effort is the Ballistic Missile Defence programme of DRDO, which flight-tests indigenous interceptors. It is a separate programme from THAAD.
  • ✗ (a) THAAD is developed and fielded by the United States (US Missile Defense Agency and US Army), not by Israel, and it is an interceptor system rather than only a radar.
  • ✗ (d) THAAD is fielded to the US Army to protect US forces and allies. It is not a joint Japan–South Korea defence arrangement.

Remember · THAAD = Terminal High Altitude Area Defense: a US ground-based, hit-to-kill system against ballistic missiles in their terminal phase. India's own shield is DRDO's BMD.

Sources

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2018, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

The Syllabus X-Ray of this topic

2 of its 6 sub-topics are Core

2 Core · 0 High · 2 Steady · 2 Rare

  • Core #45Missiles & defence technology · 7 questions
  • Core #50Energy technology: batteries, hydrogen, fusion · 6 questions

The X-Ray ranks all 928 sub-topics of the UPSC syllabus by what UPSC has asked since 2016. The 60 Prelims Core sub-topics are behind 51% of Prelims questions.

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