एका आंदोलन और बारदोली सत्याग्रह के बारे में निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा कथन सही है ?
Read this question in English
Which one of the following statements about the Eka Movement and Bardoli Satyagraha is correct?
(a) The Eka Movement was throughout supported and organized by the Congress while Bardoli Satyagraha was initially independent of Congress influence and was only in the last stages supported by the Congress. · (b) The Eka Movement was provided leadership by the taluqdars of Awadh, whereas the Bardoli Satyagraha was a movement of the landless labourers. · (c) The Bardoli Satyagraha was a campaign against the enhancement of land revenue, while the Eka Movement was a protest against excessive extraction of rents. · (d) The Eka Movement was located in the Varanasi and Mirzapur districts of the present-day U.P., while the Bardoli Satyagraha took place in Saurashtra.
उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English
Answer: (c) बारदोली सत्याग्रह भू-राजस्व की वृद्धि के विरुद्ध एक अभियान था, जबकि एका आंदोलन लगान (rent) की अत्यधिक वसूली के विरोध में था।
Bardoli (1928, Surat district, Gujarat) was a no-revenue campaign led by Vallabhbhai Patel against a steep increase in land revenue. The Eka ('unity') Movement of 1921-22 in northern Awadh was a tenants' protest over rents, with demands for cash rents and for resisting any demand above the recorded rent.
- ✓ (c) Bardoli peasants refused to pay the enhanced land revenue; the Eka associations of northern Awadh demanded commutation to cash rents and resisted any demand beyond the recorded rent.
- ✗ (a) It is the other way round: the Eka associations were aided at first by some Congressmen and Khilafatists but soon outgrew those beginnings, while Bardoli was led by Vallabhbhai Patel from the start.
- ✗ (b) The taluqdars were the landlords the Eka tenants were resisting, and Bardoli was a movement of land-owning peasants who paid revenue, not of landless labourers.
- ✗ (d) Eka was centred in northern Awadh, and Bardoli is a taluka of Surat district in mainland Gujarat, not Saurashtra.
Remember · Bardoli 1928: Surat, land revenue, Vallabhbhai Patel ('Sardar'). Eka 1921-22: northern Awadh, rents.
📘 Read it in NCERT: Class 10 India and the Contemporary World – II, Ch 2 (practise this chapter) · Class 12 Social Change and Development in India, Ch 8 (practise this chapter) · Class 10 India and the Contemporary World – II, Ch 2 (practise this chapter)
Sources
- NCERT Class 10 · India and the Contemporary World – II, Chapter 2 “In 1928, Vallabhbhai Patel led the peasant movement in Bardoli, a taluka in Gujarat, against enhancement of land revenue.”
- NCERT Class 12 · Social Change and Development in India, Chapter 8 “the Bardoli Satyagraha (1928, Surat District) a 'non-tax' campaign as part of the nationwide non-cooperation movement, a campaign of refusal to pay land revenue”
- NCERT Class 10 · India and the Contemporary World – II, Chapter 2 “The movement here was against talukdars and landlords who demanded from peasants exorbitantly high rents and a variety of other cesses.”
- Gyanendra Pandey, 'Peasant Revolt and Indian Nationalism: The Peasant Movement in Awadh, 1919-22', Subaltern Studies I (Oxford University Press, 1982) ↗ · reference work “a few months later it arose again in northern Awadh in the modified form of an Eka (unity) movement. … The movement was strongest in certain districts of northern Awadh where the evils of grain rents and disguised rents abounded.”
Question and answer: UPSC's provisional GS Paper I (2026, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 1 Oct 2026 (how we verify). ·