निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा/कौन-से, जलवायु अनुकूलन (climate resilience) के संदर्भ में गरान (मैंग्रोव) पारिस्थितिकी तंत्रों के संरक्षण हेतु तर्काधार की सर्वोत्तम व्याख्या करता है/करते हैं ?
- 1.गरान ज्वारीय ऊर्जा को कम करते हैं और अलवणजल का संचयन करते हैं, जो उन्हें लवणीय ज्वारनदमुखी कटिबंधों में धान की खेती के लिए आदर्श स्थल बनाते हैं।
- 2.उनकी लवण-संवेदी जड़ें समुद्रीजल को छानती हैं, इस प्रकार तटीय भूमि को अलवण जलीय कृषि (एक्वाकल्चर) क्षेत्रों में परिवर्तित करने में गरानों की मुख्य भूमिका होती है।
- 3.ज्वारीय लहरों (टाइडल सर्जेस) को सहन करने तथा जैवमात्रा (बायोमास) संसाधनों को उपलब्ध करवाने के माध्यम से, गरान प्राकृतिक जैव-ढाल (बायोशील्ड) और ग्रामीण समुदायों के लिए जीविका के आधार, दोनों रूपों में कार्य करते हैं।
नीचे दिए गए कूट का प्रयोग कर उत्तर चुनिए :
Read this question in English
Which of the following best explain(s) the rationale for protecting mangrove ecosystems in the context of climate resilience?
1. Mangroves reduce tidal energy and store freshwater, making them ideal sites for paddy cultivation in saline estuarine belts.
2. Their salt-sensitive roots filter seawater, making mangroves key to converting coastal land into freshwater aquaculture zones.
3. By withstanding tidal surges and offering biomass resources, mangroves function both as natural bio-shields and livelihood bases for rural communities.
Select the answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only · (b) 1 and 2 · (c) 2 and 3 · (d) 3 only
उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English
Answer: (d) केवल 3
Mangroves are salt-tolerant forests of tidal creeks and estuaries that absorb the force of storm surges and tsunami waves while supplying fuelwood, fish and other products to coastal people. They are neither freshwater stores for paddy nor salt-sensitive filters for freshwater fish farming; clearing them for such uses actually weakens coastal resilience.
- ✗ 1. Mangroves grow in saline tidal water and do not store freshwater; converting them to paddy fields removes the very buffer that protects the coast.
- ✗ 2. Mangrove species are salt-tolerant, not salt-sensitive, and their value lies in standing forest, not in turning coasts into freshwater aquaculture ponds.
- ✓ 3. Along with beaches and dunes, mangroves absorb the destructive force of storm and tsunami waves, and they provide wood, fuel and fisheries that support coastal livelihoods.
Remember · Mangroves: salt-tolerant tidal forests; natural bio-shields against cyclones and tsunamis, carbon sinks and livelihood sources. India has about 4,992 sq km of mangroves.
📘 Read it in NCERT: Class 11 Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Ch 6 (practise this chapter) · Class 11 India: Physical Environment, Ch 5 (practise this chapter) · Class 8 Curiosity, Ch 12 (practise this chapter)
Sources
- NCERT Class 11 · Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Chapter 6 “Then come the barriers, beaches, beach dunes and mangroves, if any, to absorb the destructive force of storm and tsunami waves.”
- NCERT Class 11 · India: Physical Environment, Chapter 5 “They consist of a number of salt-tolerant species of plants. Crisscrossed by creeks of stagnant water and tidal flows, these forests give shelter to a wide variety of birds.”
- NCERT Class 8 · Curiosity, Chapter 12 “The Sundarbans protect us by slowing down strong winds and waves during storms and floods.”
Question and answer: UPSC's provisional GS Paper I (2026, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). ·