निम्नलिखित पर विचार कीजिए :
- 1.जनांकिकीय निष्पादन
- 2.वन और पारिस्थितिकी
- 3.शासन सुधार
- 4.स्थिर सरकार
- 5.कर एवं राजकोषीय प्रयास
समस्तर कर-अवक्रमण के लिए पंद्रहवें वित्त आयोग ने उपर्युक्त में से कितने को जनसंख्या क्षेत्रफल और आय के अंतर के अलावा निकष के रूप में प्रयुक्त किया?
Read this question in English
Consider the following:
1. Demographic performance
2. Forest and ecology
3. Governance reforms
4. Stable government
5. Tax and fiscal efforts
For the horizontal tax devolution, the Fifteenth Finance Commission used how many of the above as criteria other than population area and income distance?
(a) Only two · (b) Only three · (c) Only four · (d) All five
उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English
Answer: (b) केवल तीन
The Fifteenth Finance Commission shared the divisible pool among states on six criteria: income distance (45%), population (15%), area (15%), forest and ecology (10%), demographic performance (12.5%) and tax and fiscal efforts (2.5%). Governance reforms and stable government were not criteria, so three of the listed items were used.
- ✓ 1. Demographic performance carried a 12.5% weight: the Commission used Census 2011 population but wanted to reward states that had done better on the demographic front.
- ✓ 2. Forest and ecology carried a 10% weight in the 15th Finance Commission's formula.
- ✗ 3. Governance reforms were not a criterion in the devolution formula.
- ✗ 4. 'Stable government' was never part of the formula.
- ✓ 5. Tax and fiscal efforts carried a 2.5% weight: the Commission re-introduced the tax effort criterion to reward fiscal performance.
Remember · 15th FC horizontal devolution: income distance 45, population (2011) 15, area 15, demographic performance 12.5, forest and ecology 10, tax and fiscal efforts 2.5. States' share: 41%.
Sources
- PIB (Ministry of Finance), The Report of the Fifteenth Finance Commission, 1 February 2021: horizontal devolution ↗ “Criteria Weight (%) Population 15.0 Area 15.0 Forest & ecology 10.0 Income distance 45.0 Tax & fiscal efforts 2.5 Demographic performance 12.5 Total 100 … XVFC has assigned a 12.5 per cent weight to the demographic performance criterion. … States’ share at 41 per cent of divisible pool comes to 42.2 lakh crore for 2021-26 period.”
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2023, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). ·