प्रजैविकों (प्रोबायोटिक्स) के संदर्भ में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :
- 1.प्रजैविक, जीवाणु और यीस्ट दोनों के बने होते हैं ।
- 2.प्रजैविकों में जीव, खाए जाने वाले खाद्य में होते हैं किन्तु वे नैसर्गिक रूप से हमारी आहार-नली में नहीं पाए जाते ।
- 3.प्रजैविक दुग्ध शर्कराओं के पाचन में सहायक हैं ।
उपर्युक्त कथनों में कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं ?
Read this question in English
Consider the following statements in respect of probiotics:
1. Probiotics are made of both bacteria and yeast.
2. The organisms in probiotics are found in foods we ingest but they do not naturally occur in our gut.
3. Probiotics help in the digestion of milk sugars.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only · (b) 2 only · (c) 1 and 3 · (d) 2 and 3
उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English
Answer: (c) 1 और 3
Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Probiotics are live microbes, mostly bacteria but also some yeasts, and certain probiotic bacteria help digest lactose, the sugar in milk. Statement 2 is wrong because many probiotic organisms are the same as or similar to microbes that already live naturally in our body.
- ✓ 1. Most probiotics are bacteria (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are the commonest), but some are yeasts such as Saccharomyces boulardii.
- ✗ 2. Many probiotic microbes are the same as or similar to those that naturally live in our bodies. NCERT too notes that lactic acid bacteria in our stomach help check disease-causing microbes.
- ✓ 3. Probiotic bacteria that carry the enzyme beta-galactosidase help break down lactose. Yogurt cultures such as L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus give a similar benefit to people who cannot digest milk sugar well.
Remember · Probiotics: live microbes, mostly bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) plus some yeasts; they resemble our natural gut flora and can ease lactose digestion.
📘 Read it in NCERT: Class 12 Biology, Ch 8 (practise this chapter)
Sources
- NIH National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Probiotics: Usefulness and Safety (Internet Archive copy) ↗ “The most common are bacteria that belong to groups called Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium . Other bacteria may also be used as probiotics, and so may yeasts such as Saccharomyces boulardii . … Many of the microorganisms in probiotic products are the same as or similar to microorganisms that naturally live in our bodies.”
- FAO/WHO, Probiotics in food: health and nutritional properties and guidelines for evaluation ↗ “Probiotic bacteria containing β-galactosidase can be added to food to improve lactose maldigestion”
- NCERT Class 12 · Biology, Chapter 8 “In our stomach too, the LAB play very beneficial role in checking disease- causing microbes.”
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2022, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). ·