भारत के इतिहास के संदर्भ में निम्नलिखित युग्मों पर विचार कीजिए :
| शब्द | विवरण | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | एरिपत्ति | भूमि, जिससे मिलने वाला राजस्व अलग से ग्राम जलाशय के रख-रखाव के लिए निर्धारित कर दिया जाता था |
| 2. | तनियूर | एक अकेले ब्राह्मण अथवा एक ब्राह्मण-समूह को दान में दिए गए ग्राम |
| 3. | घटिका | प्रायः मंदिरों के साथ संबद्ध विद्यालय |
उपर्युक्त में से कौन-सा/से युग्म सही सुमेलित है/हैं?
Read this question in English
In the context of the history of India, consider the following pairs:
1. Eripatti — Land, revenue from which was set apart for the maintenance of the village tank
2. Taniyurs — Villages donated to a single Brahmin or a group of Brahmins
3. Ghatikas — Colleges generally attached to the temples
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
(a) 1 and 2 · (b) 3 only · (c) 2 and 3 · (d) 1 and 3
उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English
Answer: (d) 1 और 3
Pairs 1 and 3 are correct. Eripatti was tank land and Ghatikas were temple-linked centres of learning, but a taniyur was a village independent of the local district (nadu), not a village given to Brahmins; that description fits a brahmadeya.
- ✓ 1. Many villages in the Tamil country depended on tank irrigation, and land set apart for the tank was called Eripatti (eri means tank).
- ✗ 2. A taniyur was a separate village within a nadu with its own revenue and justice arrangements. Villages granted to a single Brahmin (ekabhoga) or a group of Brahmins (ganabhoga) were brahmadeyas (NCERT: brahmadeya was land gifted to Brahmanas); many brahmadeyas did become taniyurs, but the two terms are not the same.
- ✓ 3. NCERT describes ghatikas as centres of learning; they were educational institutions of the early medieval south; in general every temple had a Ghatika attached to it.
Remember · Eripatti = tank land; taniyur = independent village; brahmadeya = land or village gifted to Brahmins; ghatika = temple-attached college.
📘 Read it in NCERT: Class 7 Exploring Society: India and Beyond (Part 1), Ch 7 (practise this chapter)
Sources
- NCERT Class 7 · Exploring Society: India and Beyond (Part 1), Chapter 7 “The establishment of ghatikas — centres of learning that emerged during the reign of the Satavahanas — fostered an environment for education and intellectual growth.”
- History of India study material, Himachal Pradesh University (B.A. First Year, DSC-IB HIST 102), on the Pallava period ↗ · reference work “Many of the villages depended on tank irrigation and this land was known as Eripatti or tank. … Every temple in general had a Ghatika attached to it.”
- Unit 4: The Political Scenario III, Cholas and Chalukyas (IGNOU eGyanKosh) ↗ · reference work “many of the brahmadeyas in the Chola period were taniyur (separate village) in a nadu. They had a separate administrative system (revenue and justice).”
- Unit 13: Organisation of Agricultural and Crafts Production (IGNOU eGyanKosh) ↗ · reference work “Land grants could be either made to a single brahmana (ekabhoga-Brahmadeya) or to a group of brahmanas (gana-bhoga)”
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2016, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 1 Oct 2026 (how we verify). ·