निम्नलिखित कथनों में से कौन-सा एक, इस परिच्छेद द्वारा व्यक्त सर्वाधिक तार्किक, युक्तियुक्त और व्यावहारिक संदेश को सर्वोत्तम रूप में प्रतिबिंबित करता है ?
Read this question in English
Which one of the following statements best reflects the most rational, logical and practical message conveyed by the passage?
(a) Modern statesmen need to be well trained in scientific methods and philosophical thinking to enable them to have a better perspective of their roles, responsibilities and goals. · (b) It is not desirable to have Governments managed by empirical statesmen unless well mixed with others who are grounded in learning and reflect wisdom. · (c) As the statesmen/bureaucrats are the products of a society, it is desirable to have a system of education in a society that focuses on training its citizens in scientific method and philosophical thinking from a very early age. · (d) It is desirable that all scientists need to be philosophers as well to make their work goal-oriented and thus purposeful and useful to the society.
उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English
Answer: (b) यह वांछनीय नहीं है कि सरकारें अनुभव-सिद्ध राजमर्मज्ञों द्वारा प्रबंधित हों, जब तक कि दूसरे ऐसे लोग भी उसमें न मिलें जिनमें ज्ञान-प्राप्ति की अभिवृत्ति हो और जिनसे बुद्धिमत्ता प्रतिबिंबित होती हो ।
The passage says government, like science, suffers for lack of philosophy, and that politics divorced from science and philosophy becomes a 'destructive bedlam'. The practical lesson is that government should not be left to merely empirical statesmen; they must work alongside people grounded in learning and wisdom.
- ✗ (a) Tempting, but the passage does not ask every statesman to be trained in scientific method; it asks that politics be guided by knowledge and perspective — a narrower, less practical prescription.
- ✓ (b) 'Government suffers ... for lack of philosophy' and politics becomes 'bedlam when divorced from science and philosophy' — so rule by the merely empirical needs the balance of the learned and wise.
- ✗ (c) An education system training all citizens from an early age goes far beyond anything the passage discusses.
- ✗ (d) 'All scientists' must be philosophers is extreme; the passage wants philosophy as a coordinating discipline 'outside the sciences', and its real concern is government.
Remember · When asked for the 'most practical' message, prefer the moderate, workable conclusion; drop options that demand training for everyone or use 'all'.
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper II (2023, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). ·