उपर्युक्त परिच्छेद के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित पूर्वधारणाएँ बनाई गई हैं :
- 1.जब कृषि जोत मूलतः छोटे और सीमांत हों तब संरचनात्मक और ग्रामीण परिवर्तन असंभव है।
- 2.अच्छी कीमत प्रोत्साहन कृषि में निवेश को प्रेरित कर सकती है।
- 3.भारत के लिए उच्च मूल्य के कृषि-उत्पादों, जैसे कि पशुधन और बागवानी, के लिए मूल्य-शृंखलाओं (value chains) को बनाने की आवश्यकता है।
- 4.कृषि-माल की उच्च वैश्विक कीमतें भारत के गरीबी-ह्रास के लिए आवश्यक हैं।
उपर्युक्त में से कौन-सी पूर्वधारणाएँ वैध हैं?
Read this question in English
With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1. Structural and rural transformation is impossible when farms are mainly small and marginal.
2. A good price incentive can trigger investments in agriculture.
3. India needs to build value chains for high-value agri-products like livestock and horticulture.
4. Higher global prices of agricultural commodities are essential for India’s poverty reduction.
Which of the above assumptions are valid?
(a) 1 and 3 · (b) 2 and 4 · (c) 2 and 3 · (d) 3 and 4
उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English
Answer: (c) 2 और 3
Statement 2 is the passage's own mechanism: better relative prices lifted private farm investment by over 50%. Statements 1 and 4 use absolute words ('impossible', 'essential') that the passage does not support, which leaves 2 and 3 as the only workable pair.
- ✗ 1. The passage calls India's transformation 'slow', not impossible, and does not make small farm size the barrier.
- ✓ 2. The relative price scenario moved in favour of agriculture by over 50%, and 'this boosted private investments in agriculture by more than 50%'.
- ✓ 3. Livestock and horticulture are not named, but the passage's lesson is that better returns on farm produce drive investment, growth and poverty reduction; value chains for high-value products are a way to secure such returns. It is the only remaining statement free of an overreach.
- ✗ 4. Global prices helped in one period, but 'essential' goes too far — the passage shows how the benefit came through prices and investment, not that poverty cannot fall any other way.
Remember · When one statement is certain, strike the options with extreme words ('impossible', 'essential'); the survivor is usually the answer.
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper II (2020, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). ·