उपर्युक्त परिच्छेद के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित पूर्वधारणाएँ बनाई गई हैं :
- 1.दीर्घकाल में विदेशी निवेश पर भरोसा करना आर्थिक रूप से एक सही नीति नहीं है।
- 2.ऐसी नीतियों को अपनाया जाना चाहिए जो विदेशी निजी निवेश में चपलता को कम कर सकें।
- 3.घरेलू निजी निवेश को सशक्त बनाने वाली नीतियाँ अपनायी जानी चाहिए।
- 4.निजी निवेश की अपेक्षा सार्वजनिक निवेश को अधिक प्राथमिकता देनी चाहिए।
- 5.शिक्षा एवं स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्र में पर्याप्त सार्वजनिक निवेश किया जाना चाहिए।
उपर्युक्त में से कौन-सी पूर्वधारणा/पूर्वधारणाएँ वैध है/हैं?
Read this question in English
With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1. Relying on foreign investment in the long run is not an economically sound policy.
2. Policies must be undertaken to reduce volatility in foreign private investment.
3. Policies must be undertaken to strengthen domestic private investment.
4. Public investment should be given priority over private investment.
5. Substantial public investment in education and health should be undertaken.
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
(a) 1, 2 and 4 · (b) 1, 3 and 5 · (c) 2, 4 and 5 · (d) 3 only
उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English
Answer: (b) 1, 3 और 5
Because FDI is volatile by nature and its technology gains depend on India's own physical and human capital, the passage implies: do not lean on foreign investment in the long run (1), build up domestic investment to carry employment (3), and invest in education and health so that technology can spread (5).
- ✓ 1. Employment 'cannot be left to' FDI, its volatility brings unstable jobs and wider inequalities, and even its technology benefit is 'not at all certain'.
- ✗ 2. The passage calls volatility 'a necessary consequence' of FDI's search for the highest returns — something built in, not something policy is expected to remove.
- ✓ 3. If employment cannot be entrusted to the more volatile foreign capital, the author must be counting on domestic investment to carry it.
- ✗ 4. The passage never ranks public against private investment; it contrasts foreign with domestic.
- ✓ 5. Technology diffusion may fail because India's 'physical and human capital' is inadequate; building human capital means investing in education and health.
Remember · In multi-statement items, settle the surest statements first; often only one option contains all of them.
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper II (2020, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). ·