उपर्युक्त परिच्छेद के आधार पर निम्नलिखित पूर्वधारणाएँ बनाई गई हैं :
- 1.डिजिटल समाज में राज्य के पास ऐसी संस्थाएँ होनी चाहिए जो इसकी समुचित भूमिका को सुनिश्चित कर सकें।
- 2.राज्य को सुनिश्चित करना चाहिए कि गैर-सरकारी पक्षकार नागरिकों की निजता के अधिकार का हनन न करें।
- 3.डिजिटल अर्थव्यवस्था नागरिकों की निजता का हनन न करने के विचार से सुसंगत नहीं है।
उपर्युक्त में से कौन-सी पूर्वधारणा/पूर्वधारणाएँ वैध है/हैं?
Read this question in English
On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1. State should have some institutions to ensure its appropriate role in a digital society.
2. State should ensure that private parties do not violate the citizens’ right to privacy.
3. Digital economy is not compatible with the idea of not violating the citizens’ privacy.
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
(a) 1 and 2 · (b) 3 only · (c) 1 and 3 · (d) 2 only
उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English
Answer: (a) 1 और 2
The author says a right is real only when the State also stops private parties from blocking it. That rests on two unstated premises: the State must stop private violations of privacy (2), and it needs some institutional means to play this active role (1). Nothing suggests the digital economy and privacy are incompatible.
- ✓ 1. The State is asked to 'actively ensure' that private parties cannot block a right. An active guarantee of this kind needs some machinery — institutions — to carry it out.
- ✓ 2. The passage opens with the right to privacy and ends by saying the State's role is to ensure 'private parties are not able to block it' — a substantive right must hold against private force too.
- ✗ 3. The passage never says the digital economy and privacy cannot go together; it only says the digital age brings new realities that shape the focus on privacy.
Remember · An assumption is what the author must take for granted for the argument to work — check whether the conclusion collapses without it.
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper II (2020, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). ·