उपर्युक्त परिच्छेद के आधार पर निम्नलिखित पूर्वधारणाएँ बनाई गई हैं :
- 1.भूमंडलीय तापन का इस ग्रह के जैव विकास पर प्रभाव पड़ता है ।
- 2.भू-संहतियों के पृथक् होने से वायुमंडल में कार्बन की विशाल मात्राएँ निर्मुक्त होती हैं ।
- 3.पृथ्वी के वायुमंडल का तापन बढ़ने से इसके वनस्पतिजात और प्राणिजात की संरचना में परिवर्तन हो सकता है ।
- 4.वर्तमान मानव-कृत भूमंडलीय तापन से अंततः ठीक वैसी ही स्थितियाँ हो जाएँगी जैसी 56 मिलियन वर्ष पहले हुई थीं ।
उपर्युक्त में से कौन-सी पूर्वधारणाएँ वैध हैं ?
Read this question in English
Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1. Global warming has a bearing on the planet’s biological evolution.
2. Separation of land masses causes the release of huge quantities of carbon into the atmosphere.
3. Increased warming of Earth’s atmosphere can change the composition of its flora and fauna.
4. The present man-made global warming will finally lead to conditions similar to those which happened 56 million years ago.
Which of the assumptions given above are valid?
(a) 1 and 2 · (b) 3 and 4 · (c) 1 and 3 · (d) 2 and 4
उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English
Answer: (c) 1 और 3
The PETM warming brought extinctions and left life 'drastically different', so warming bears on the course of evolution and can change the mix of plants and animals. The carbon release is not tied to continents separating, and the passage compares only amounts of carbon, not future outcomes.
- ✓ 1. Warming brought drought, floods, insect plagues and extinctions; life survived but was 'drastically different' — warming shaped its course.
- ✗ 2. The unopened Atlantic is only background; the cause of warming was 'a massive geologically sudden release of carbon', not linked to land masses separating.
- ✓ 3. Extinctions and a 'drastically different' life mean the composition of flora and fauna changed.
- ✗ 4. The passage compares the carbon released with burning all fossil reserves; it does not predict that today's warming 'will finally lead' to PETM conditions.
Remember · A comparison of quantities ('roughly the amount') is not a forecast; reject 'will finally lead to' claims the passage never makes.
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper II (2019, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). ·