निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सी एक उपर्युक्त परिच्छेद की सर्वश्रेष्ठ व्याख्या है?
Read this question in English
Which one of the following is the best explanation of the above passage?
(a) Political development is not a unilinear process for it involves both growth and decay. · (b) Traditional societies succeed in resisting positive aspects of political development. · (c) It is impossible for traditional societies to break away from lingering loyalties. · (d) Sustenance of traditional loyalties is conducive to political development.
उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English
Answer: (a) राजनीतिक विकास एक दिशा में चलने वाली प्रक्रिया नहीं है, क्योंकि इसमें संवृद्धि और ह्रास दोनों शामिल होते हैं।
As traditional institutions and loyalties break down, some people cling afresh to traditional groups while others join new ones, and political development itself sharpens identities of class, tribe, region and religion. Change moves in more than one direction at once, so political development is not a straight, one-way process.
- ✓ (a) Old loyalties decay while new groups grow, and some old ties are even renewed — outcomes pull in different directions, so the process is not unilinear.
- ✗ (b) The passage does not say traditional societies succeed in resisting development; some people move to new groups.
- ✗ (c) 'Impossible' is contradicted by 'others align themselves with new groups'.
- ✗ (d) The passage does not call traditional loyalties helpful to development; it only records that some people renew them.
Remember · 'Best explanation' = the general principle behind the passage's examples. Mixed, opposite outcomes point to a 'not one-way' conclusion.
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper II (2017, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). ·