उपर्युक्त परिच्छेद के सन्दर्भ में निम्नलिखित पूर्वधारणाएँ बनाई गई हैं :
- 1.इतिहास की प्रसिद्ध लड़ाइयों का अध्ययन हमें आधुनिक युद्धस्थिति को समझने में सहायता करेगा।
- 2.जो भी नेतृत्व की इच्छा रखता है, उसके लिए इतिहास का अध्ययन अनिवार्य है।
इनमें से कौन-सी पूर्वधारणा/पूर्वधारणाएँ वैध है/हैं?
Read this question in English
With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1. A study of the famous battles of history would help us understand the modern warfare.
2. Studying the history is essential for anyone who aspires to be a leader.
Which of these assumptions is/are valid?
(a) 1 only · (b) 2 only · (c) Both 1 and 2 · (d) Neither 1 nor 2
उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English
Answer: (d) न तो 1 और न ही 2
The passage values the study of famous battles for the lessons on leadership they hold — why winners won and losers lost. It says nothing about understanding modern warfare, and it does not make history essential for every aspiring leader.
- ✗ 1. The lessons drawn from battles concern the qualities of leaders, not modern warfare.
- ✗ 2. The passage says such study is beneficial and revealing; 'essential for anyone' goes further. The word 'necessary' in the quoted assertion is about interpreting current events, not about leadership.
Remember · Check the purpose the passage gives: an assumption that shifts the benefit to another goal, or hardens 'beneficial' into 'essential', is invalid.
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper II (2017, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). ·