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CSAT 2025 paper

UPSC CSE CSAT 2025 · Question 32 · Reading comprehension

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:

Directions for the following 4 (four) items: Read the following two passages and answer the items that follow the passages. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.

Passage—1

In our country, regrettably, teaching and learning for the examination have been our forte but the new demands of society and the future of work require critical and independent thinking, learning through doing, asking questions from multiple disciplinary perspectives on the same issue, using evidence for building arguments, and reflecting and articulation. Higher education should not “either be a mere servant of the government policy or a passive respondent to public mood.” Higher learning is all about how to think rather than what to think. Teaching has to be re-invented.

CSAT 2025 · Q32

Reading comprehension Easy

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:

  1. I.Higher education is a constantly evolving subject that needs to align towards new developments in all spheres of society.
  2. II.In our country, sufficient funds are not allocated for promoting higher education.

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) I only

The author asks higher education to change because the demands of society and the future of work are changing, so I is taken for granted. Funds for higher education are never discussed, so II is not.

  • ✓ I The author says 'the new demands of society and the future of work' require a different kind of learning, and that teaching must be re-invented. This takes for granted that higher education has to keep adapting to changes in society.
  • ✗ II Money is never mentioned. The problem the passage identifies is the method of teaching — learning for the examination — not a shortage of funds.

Remember · An assumption must connect to the author's reasons; a new cause such as funding, absent from the passage, is invalid.

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper II (2025, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). ·

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