Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
- 1.Protection of privacy is not just a right, but it has value to the economy.
- 2.There is a fundamental link between privacy and innovation.
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
Answer & explanation
Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
The passage ties the protection of personal data to growth of the digital economy and says no one will innovate where personal information is compromised. So privacy has economic value and is closely linked to innovation; both assumptions hold.
- ✓ 1. India should grow the digital economy 'while keeping personal data ... secure', and individuals may 'monetise' their data — privacy carries economic value.
- ✓ 2. 'No one will innovate in a surveillance-oriented environment', and laws should enable 'privacy protecting' innovation — a direct link.
Remember · If the argument rests on a chain of links (privacy → innovation → digital economy), each link is a valid assumption.
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper II (2023, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). ·