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UPSC CSE CSAT 2021 · Paper II (CSAT) · Question 43 · Reading comprehension

Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical, rational and practical…

UPSC Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination 2021, General Studies Paper II (CSAT), Question 43 — Reading comprehension.

Passage—3

The resolution of bankruptcy cases of Indian banks under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code should help bring non-performing assets (NPA) situation under some control. Despite the slow pace of resolutions by the National Company Law Tribunal, the Code can be helpful in cleaning up bank books in future credit cycles. The recapitalisation of public sector banks too can help increase the capital cushion of banks and induce them to lend more and boost economic activity. But bad debt resolution and recapitalisation are only a part of the solution as they, by themselves, can do very little to rein in reckless lending that has pushed the Indian banking system to its current sorry state. Unless there are systemic reforms that address the problem of unsustainable lending, future credit cycles will continue to stress the banking system.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical, rational and practical suggestion implied by the passage given above?

Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) Indian banking system requires structural reforms as a long-term solution for bad loans problem.

Bad-debt resolution and recapitalisation help, but the passage calls them only part of the solution: unless systemic reforms tackle unsustainable lending, future credit cycles will stress the banks again. The suggestion is structural reform as the long-term remedy.

  • ✗ (a) Close monitoring by the Central Government is one possible reform, but the passage names no agency or method — this is too specific.
  • ✗ (b) The passage worries about reckless lending; pushing banks to lend more through low rates works against that concern.
  • ✗ (c) Mergers are never mentioned, and 'alone is the long-term solution' is too absolute.
  • ✓ (d) 'Unless there are systemic reforms that address the problem of unsustainable lending, future credit cycles will continue to stress the banking system.'

Remember · When a passage ends 'unless X, the problem continues', X is the suggestion — pick the option that restates it without adding specifics.

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper II (2021, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). ·

Cite this question: UPSC CSE CSAT 2021, Q43 — minimalistias.com/pyqs/csat/2021/q43

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