Consider the following statements with regard to BRICS:
- I.16th BRICS Summit was held under the Chairship of Russia in Kazan.
- II.Indonesia has become a full member of BRICS.
- III.The theme of the 16th BRICS Summit was Strengthening Multiculturalism for Just Global Development and Security.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Answer & explanation
Answer: (a) I and II
The 16th BRICS Summit was held in Kazan on 22-24 October 2024 under Russia's chairmanship, and Indonesia took up full membership from 1 January 2025. Statement III changes one word of the theme, which was 'Strengthening Multilateralism', not 'Multiculturalism', for Just Global Development and Security.
- ✓ I Russia chaired BRICS in 2024 and hosted the 16th Summit in Kazan on 22-24 October 2024.
- ✓ II Indonesia became a full BRICS member with effect from 1 January 2025, a step Russia publicly welcomed.
- ✗ III The Kazan Summit's theme was 'Strengthening Multilateralism for Just Global Development and Security'. 'Multiculturalism' is a substituted word.
Remember · 16th BRICS Summit: Kazan, Russia, 22-24 October 2024, theme 'Strengthening Multilateralism for Just Global Development and Security'. Indonesia became a full member on 1 January 2025.
Sources
- President of Russia (kremlin.ru): The 16th BRICS Summit opened in Kazan (22 October 2024) ↗ · reference work “The 16th BRICS Summit is taking place in Kazan on October 22–24 under the Russian Chairmanship themed Strengthening Multilateralism for Just Global Development and Security.”
- President of Russia (kremlin.ru): Media statements following Russian-Indonesian talks (19 June 2025) ↗ · reference work “Russia played a significant role in facilitating Indonesia’s accession to BRICS as a full member. We welcome Indonesia’s assumption of membership rights effective January 1.”
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2025, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). ·