Who among the following were the founders of the “Hind Mazdoor Sabha” established in 1948?
Answer & explanation
Answer: (d) Ashok Mehta, T.S. Ramanujam and G.G. Mehta
The Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS) was formed in December 1948 by socialists who had broken away from the Congress and the AITUC, and Ashok Mehta, named in option (d), was one of its founders and its first General Secretary. Option (d) is the only one that names him.
- ✓ (d) Ashok Mehta, a founder-member of the Congress Socialist Party, is recorded in his Lok Sabha biography as founder and first General Secretary of the HMS. T.S. Ramanujam and G.G. Mehta are the other names in UPSC's key; no official page was found that names them.
- ✗ (a) This list does not include Ashok Mehta, the HMS founder confirmed in an official record.
- ✗ (b) This list does not include Ashok Mehta, the HMS founder confirmed in an official record.
- ✗ (c) This list does not include Ashok Mehta, the HMS founder confirmed in an official record.
Remember · HMS: formed December 1948 by socialists (Ashok Mehta, first General Secretary). INTUC (1947, Congress), AITUC (1920), HMS (1948, socialists).
Sources
- V.V. Giri National Labour Institute (Ministry of Labour and Employment): Evolution of Trade Unions in India ↗ “In December 1948, the Hind Mazdoor Sabha was formed by the Congress Socialists who after their break with the National Congress came to be known as socialists.”
- Lok Sabha Secretariat: Members Bioprofile, Shri Asoka Mehta (4th Lok Sabha) ↗ “founded,the Hind Mazdoor Sabha in 1949 and was its First General Secretary”
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2018, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 1 Oct 2026 (how we verify). ·