निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :
- कथन–I: कोविड विश्वमारी के बाद के हाल के विगत काल में, पूरे विश्व में अनेक केन्द्रीय बैंकों ने ब्याज दरें बढ़ा दी थीं।
- कथन–II: आमतौर पर केन्द्रीय बैंक मानते हैं कि उनके पास बढ़ती हुई उपभोक्ता कीमतों का, मौद्रिक नीति के उपायों से, प्रतिकार करने की सामर्थ्य है।
उपर्युक्त कथनों के बारे में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा एक सही है?
Read this question in English
Consider the following statements:
Statement-I. In the post-pandemic recent past, many Central Banks worldwide had carried out interest rate hikes.
Statement-II. Central Banks generally assume that they have the ability to counteract the rising consumer prices via monetary policy means.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
(a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I · (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I · (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect · (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct
उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English
Answer: (a) कथन–I और कथन–II दोनों सही हैं तथा कथन–II, कथन–I की सही व्याख्या है
After the pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war pushed prices up, central banks led by the US Federal Reserve raised policy rates in step with one another. They did so because they believe that dearer money cools demand and brings inflation down, so Statement-II explains Statement-I.
- ✓ Statement-I The Economic Survey 2022-23 records synchronised policy rate hikes by central banks across economies to curb inflation, with the US Federal Reserve raising rates at its fastest pace since the 1970s.
- ✓ Statement-II Monetary policy is the main tool central banks use against inflation; in India the RBI Act makes price stability the primary objective of monetary policy, with a flexible inflation target.
Remember · Inflation up → central bank raises policy rate (repo) → borrowing costlier → demand cools → prices ease. RBI: primary objective is price stability, keeping growth in mind.
Sources
- Economic Survey 2022-23, Ministry of Finance ↗ “Then, the central banks across economies led by the Federal Reserve responded with synchronised policy rate hikes to curb inflation.”
- Reserve Bank of India, Monetary Policy overview ↗ “RBI is entrusted with the responsibility of conducting monetary policy in India with the primary objective of maintaining price stability while keeping in mind the objective of growth.”
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2023, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). ·