निम्नलिखित में से किसके संदर्भ में, ‘ताप-अपघटन और प्लाज़्मा गैसीकरण’ शब्दों का उल्लेख किया गया है?
Read this question in English
In the context of which one of the following are the terms ‘pyrolysis and plasma gasification’ mentioned?
(a) Extraction of rare earth elements · (b) Natural gas extraction technologies · (c) Hydrogen fuel-based automobiles · (d) Waste-to-energy technologies
उत्तर और व्याख्या · explanation in English
Answer: (d) अपशिष्ट-से-ऊर्जा प्रौद्योगिकी
Pyrolysis and plasma gasification are waste-to-energy technologies: they treat waste (such as plastics and municipal solid waste) at high temperature and turn it into fuel oil or syngas that can generate power.
- ✓ (d) In pyrolysis, waste is heated (400-600°C) without oxygen to give pyrolysis oil and gas. In plasma gasification, a plasma arc above 3000°C turns waste into syngas, which can run gas engines to make electricity.
- ✗ (a) Rare earth elements are recovered from ores by mining and chemical processing, not by these thermal waste treatments.
- ✗ (b) Natural gas extraction uses drilling and hydraulic fracturing; neither term belongs there.
- ✗ (c) Hydrogen vehicles run on fuel cells or hydrogen engines; pyrolysis and gasification are not vehicle technologies.
Remember · Pyrolysis (heating waste without oxygen) and plasma gasification (waste to syngas in a plasma arc above 3000°C) are waste-to-energy routes for plastics and solid waste.
Sources
- PIB, Ministry of Science & Technology: Sustainable Processing of Municipal Solid Waste, 'Waste to Wealth' (23 Oct 2020) ↗ “The polymer waste consisting of plastics, sanitary waste etc. is being disposed of through two main processes i.e. pyrolysis and plasma gasification. … The produced syngas when passed through a series of gas purification system comprising of catalytic converter, redox reactor, cyclone separator, scrubber and condenser is ready for use in gas engines for generation of electricity.”
Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2019, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). ·