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CSAT 2025 paper

UPSC CSE CSAT 2025 · Question 61 · Reading comprehension

Which one of the following statements best reflects the critical message conveyed by the author of…

Directions for the following 3 (three) items: Read the following two passages and answer the items that follow the passages. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.

Passage—1

There has been no democracy that has grown economically without corporate capitalism. It helps in modernizing the economy and enabling the transition from rural to urban, and agriculture to industry and services, which are inevitable with growth. It generates jobs — and there is no other way to fix a country’s unemployment challenge without a further impetus to private business. Big companies can operate on a large scale and become competitive both domestically and externally. A vibrant corporate capitalist base also leads to additional revenues for the State — which in turn, can be used for greater welfare for the marginalized and creating a more level playing field in terms of opportunities.

CSAT 2025 · Q61

Reading comprehension Medium

Which one of the following statements best reflects the critical message conveyed by the author of the passage?

Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) Corporate capitalism is important for economic growth of a State and also for democracy.

The author claims no democracy has grown economically without corporate capitalism, then lists what it brings — modernisation, jobs, competitiveness and State revenue for welfare and fairer opportunities. The critical message is that it matters both for economic growth and for democracies.

  • ✓ (a) The opening line ties democracy's economic growth to corporate capitalism, and the rest lists its gains — jobs, competitiveness, revenue for welfare and a more level playing field. It is presented as important for growth and for democracies.
  • ✗ (b) Political objectives are not discussed; the passage is about growth, jobs and welfare.
  • ✗ (c) The passage speaks of democracies that have 'grown economically', not of any State's economic 'survival'. The claim is widened and made absolute.
  • ✗ (d) The passage says democracies have needed corporate capitalism to grow, not that capitalism depends on democracy. 'Mutual dependence' goes beyond the text.

Remember · Check the direction of a link: 'X needed Y' does not mean 'Y needs X'. Reject options that make a one-way link mutual or absolute.

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper II (2025, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). ·

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