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Understanding Society: India and Beyond

Class 9 · Foundation (Classes 6–9)

Ch 6 · Democracy

Real UPSC Prelims questions from 2016–2026, linked to this book. Try each one first, then open the answer. 2026 answers follow UPSC's provisional answer key.

Prelims 2018 · Q45

Which of the following are regarded as the main features of the "Rule of Law"?

  1. 1.Limitation of powers
  2. 2.Equality before law
  3. 3.People's responsibility to the Government
  4. 4.Liberty and civil rights

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

  1. (a)1 and 3 only
  2. (b)2 and 4 only
  3. (c)1, 2 and 4 only
  4. (d)1, 2, 3 and 4
Show answer

UPSC's answer: (c)

NCERT answers it: Class 9 Understanding Society: India and Beyond, Ch 6 (Democracy).

Understanding Society, Class 9 (ch 6): the rule of law ensures equality before the law, keeps everyone under the law to prevent misuse of power, and protects people's rights. Nothing about people's responsibility to the government. So 1, 2 and 4: (c).

Hindi version: UPSC's official question paper (2018), question 45 ↗

Prelims 2021 · Q85

A legislation which confers on the executive or administrative authority an unguided and uncontrolled discretionary power in the matter of application of law violates which one of the following Articles of the Constitution of India?

  1. (a)Article 14
  2. (b)Article 28
  3. (c)Article 32
  4. (d)Article 44
Show answer

UPSC's answer: (a)

NCERT answers it: Class 7 Exploring Society: India and Beyond (Part 1), Ch 10 (The Constitution of India — An Introduction); Class 9 Understanding Society: India and Beyond, Ch 6 (Democracy).

How to solve it with NCERT: Class 7 Exploring Society (Part 1), ch 10: Article 14 means equality before law. Class 9 Understanding Society, ch 6: equal protection means treatment 'without arbitrary discrimination'. Unguided, uncontrolled discretion is arbitrary, so it breaks Article 14. Answer (a).

Hindi version: UPSC's official question paper (2021), question 85 ↗

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