Which of the following items of defence hardware is/are manufactured in India?
- 1.Su-30 MKI Fighter Jets
- 2.T-90 MK-III Tanks
- 3.Akula Class Submarine
Select the answer using the code given below:
Answer & explanation
Answer: (a) 1 and 2
The Su-30 MKI is built in India by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited at its Nasik division, and the T-90 Bhishma tank is built in India by Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited, a Government of India enterprise. The Akula-class submarine the Navy has operated, INS Chakra, was a Russian-built boat taken on lease and is not Indian-made.
- ✓ 1. The Ministry of Defence's 2024 contract for 12 more Su-30MKI aircraft with HAL says they will be manufactured at HAL's Nasik division.
- ✓ 2. Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited, a Government of India enterprise, lists the T90 Bhishma among the battle tanks in its own product range.
- ✗ 3. The Navy's Akula-class submarine, INS Chakra (ex-K-152 Nerpa), was handed over by the Russian Navy on a 10-year lease (The Times of India); India does not build Akula-class boats.
Remember · Su-30 MKI: built by HAL in India (Nasik). T-90 Bhishma: built by AVNL (Government of India enterprise). Akula-class submarine INS Chakra: leased from Russia, not Indian-built.
Sources
- PIB (Ministry of Defence), Ministry of Defence signs contract with HAL for procurement of 12 Su-30MKI aircraft, 12 December 2024 ↗ “The aircraft would have an indigenous content of 62.6%, enhanced due to indiginisation of many components to be manufactured by Indian defence industry. These aircraft would be manufactured at Nasik division of HAL.”
- Products & Services, Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited (A Government of India Enterprise), Battle Tanks ↗ · reference work “Battle Tanks MBT Arjun Know More T90 Bhishma Know More”
- The Times of India (2 July 2011), Russia to hand over India nuclear sub by year-end (Internet Archive copy) ↗ · reference work “The Akula-II class nuclear submarine K-152 Nerpa, to be rechristened INS Chakra, will be handed over to Indian Navy by Russian Navy by November-December. … which will be on a 10-year lease.”
Question and answer: UPSC's provisional GS Paper I (2026, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 1 Oct 2026 (how we verify). ·