Consider the following dynasties:

Answer: (d) None

None of the four belongs to the early eighth century. All are kingdoms of the eleventh to thirteenth centuries: the Hoysalas and Kakatiyas rose as the Western Chalukyas faded in the twelfth century, the Gahadavalas of the Ganga plain were contemporaries and rivals of the Chahamana Prithviraja III (1168-1192), and the Yadavas of Devagiri ruled Maharashtra in the thirteenth century.

• ✗ 1. The Hoysalas of southern Karnataka, with their capital region around Belur, Halebidu and later Mysore, became a major power only after Chola and Pandya power waned, from the twelfth century onwards.
• ✗ 2. The Gahadavalas ruled the Kanauj-Varanasi tract of western Uttar Pradesh in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, opposing the eastward expansion of the Chahamanas of Ajmer and Delhi under Prithviraja III (1168-1192).
• ✗ 3. The Kakatiyas of Warangal rose in the twelfth century, replacing the Western Chalukyas in the Telugu country; their best-known ruler, Rudramadevi, reigned from 1262 to 1289.
• ✗ 4. The Yadavas ruled most of Maharashtra from Devagiri (present-day Daulatabad) during the thirteenth century and were overcome by the Khalji Sultanate of Delhi in the early fourteenth century.

Remember · Hoysalas, Kakatiyas, Gahadavalas and Yadavas are all post-1000 CE regional kingdoms (11th-13th centuries), not early eighth century; the early eighth century belongs to the Chalukyas, Pallavas and Pratiharas' rise.

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