Fawazil in the Sultanate period meant:

Answer: (c) excess amount paid to the exchequer by the Iqtadars

Iqtadars collected revenue from their assignments, met their own and their troops' expenses, and sent the balance, called fawazil, to the Sultan's treasury.

• ✓ (c) Fawazil is the surplus remitted by the iqtadar after sanctioned expenses.
• ✗ (b) Revenue assigned in lieu of salary is the iqta itself.

Remember · Iqta = revenue assignment; fawazil = the surplus the iqtadar sent to the treasury.

📘 Read it in NCERT: Class 8 Exploring Society: India and Beyond (Part 1), Ch 2 (practise this chapter)

Question: UPSC Civil Services (Preliminary) 1998, General Studies paper. UPSC did not publish an answer key for 1998: the answer shown is the one the sources above support. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 24 Oct 2026 (how we verify). · Report an error