Prelims · Polity & governance · 38 questions

Fundamental Rights, DPSP & Duties

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Prelims 2025 · Q51

Medium

With reference to the Indian polity, consider the following statements:

I.An Ordinance can amend any Central Act.
II.An Ordinance can abridge a Fundamental Right.
III.An Ordinance can come into effect from a back date.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) I and III only

Statements I and III are correct; Statement II is wrong. An Ordinance has the same force as an Act of Parliament, so it can amend Central Acts and can be given effect from an earlier date, but it is void if it goes beyond what Parliament may enact, and Parliament cannot make a law that abridges a Fundamental Right.

✓ I Article 123(2) gives an Ordinance 'the same force and effect as an Act of Parliament'. The Enemy Property (Amendment and Validation) Second Ordinance, 2016, for example, amended the Enemy Property Act, 1968 and another Central Act.
✗ II Article 123(3) makes an Ordinance void if it contains anything Parliament cannot enact. Article 13(3)(a) says 'law' includes an Ordinance, and Article 13(2) bars the State from making any law that takes away or abridges a Fundamental Right.
✓ III An Ordinance can carry a retrospective date. The 2016 Enemy Property Second Ordinance, promulgated on 2 April 2016, was itself deemed to have come into force on 7 January 2016.

Remember · Ordinance (Art. 123) = same force as an Act, can amend Acts and be retrospective, but cannot go beyond Parliament's powers or abridge Fundamental Rights (Art. 13).

Sources

Constitution of India, Article 123 (Legislative Department, 2024 edition) ↗ “An Ordinance promulgated under this article shall have the same force and effect as an Act of Parliament … If and so far as an Ordinance under this article makes any provision which Parliament would not under this Constitution be competent to enact, it shall be void. … The State shall not make any law which takes away or abridges the rights conferred by this Part and any law made in contravention of this clause shall, to the extent of the contravention, be void.”
Enemy Property (Amendment and Validation) Second Ordinance, 2016 (Ministry of Law and Justice, reproduced in the Tamil Nadu Government Gazette) ↗ “This Ordinance may be called the Enemy Property (Amendment and Validation) Second Ordinance, 2016. (2) Save as otherwise provided, it shall be deemed to have come into force on the 7th day of January, 2016.”

Question and answer: UPSC's official GS Paper I (2025, Series A) — paper ↗ · answer key ↗. Explanation: Minimalist IAS, checked 30 Sept 2026 (how we verify). Permalink ·

Prelims 2025 · Q55

Easy

Consider the following pairs:

	Provision in the Constitution of India	Stated under
I.	Separation of Judiciary from the Executive in the public services of the State	The Directive Principles of the State Policy
II.	Valuing and preserving of the rich heritage of our composite culture	The Fundamental Duties
III.	Prohibition of employment of children below the age of 14 years in factories	The Fundamental Rights

How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) All the three

All three pairs are correct. Article 50 (a Directive Principle) asks the State to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services, Article 51A(f) makes valuing our composite culture a Fundamental Duty, and Article 24 (a Fundamental Right) bars employing a child below fourteen in a factory.

✓ I Article 50 sits in Part IV. As a Directive Principle it guides the State but, under Article 37, cannot be enforced by a court.
✓ II Article 51A(f), in Part IVA, lists among citizens' duties 'to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture'.
✓ III Article 24, in Part III, says no child below fourteen shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or in any other hazardous employment.

Remember · Art 50 (DPSP): separate judiciary from executive. Art 51A(f) (Duty): value composite culture. Art 24 (Fundamental Right): no child under 14 in factories, mines or hazardous work.